1 资料与方法
1.1 病例选择
1.2 术后随访
1.3 统计学分析
2 结果
表1 肾透明细胞癌与非透明细胞癌伴静脉癌栓患者的临床病理特征比较Table 1 Baseline clinical and tumor characteristics of clear cell and non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients with venous tumor thrombus |
| Variables | Total | ccRCC | nccRCC | P |
| Number of patients | 437 (100.0) | 366 (83.8) | 71 (16.2) | |
| Age/years | 58 (14) | 59 (8) | 55 (18) | 0.010 |
| Gender | 0.191 | |||
| Male | 317 (72.5) | 270 (73.8) | 47 (66.2) | |
| Female | 120 (27.5) | 96 (26.2) | 24 (33.8) | |
| BMI/(kg/m2) | 24.0 (4.7) | 24.0 (5.0) | 24.1 (4.1) | 0.734 |
| Tumor laterality | 0.194 | |||
| Left | 167 (38.2) | 135 (36.9) | 32 (45.1) | |
| Right | 270 (61.8) | 231 (63.1) | 39 (54.9) | |
| Histologic type | ||||
| Clear cell | 366 (83.8) | 366 (100) | - | |
| Papillary | 38 (8.7) | - | 38 (53.5) | |
| Chromophobe | 2 (0.5) | - | 2 (2.8) | |
| Unclassified | 11 (2.5) | - | 11 (15.5) | |
| Molecularly defined | 19 (4.3) | - | 19 (26.8) | |
| Collecting duct | 1 (0.2) | - | 1 (1.4) | |
| Tumor diameter/cm | 8.6 (3.8) | 8.4 (3.9) | 9.5 (4.1) | 0.025 |
| N | 0.034 | |||
| N0 | 177 (40.5) | 158 (43.2) | 20 (29.4) | |
| N1 | 260 (59.5) | 208 (56.8) | 48 (70.6) | |
| M | 0.074 | |||
| M0 | 315 (72.1) | 270 (73.8) | 45 (63.4) | |
| M1 | 122 (27.9) | 96 (26.2) | 26 (37.6) | |
| Tumor thrombus grading | < 0.001 | |||
| 0 | 112 (25.6) | 97 (26.5) | 15 (21.1) | |
| 1 | 73 (16.7) | 61 (16.7) | 12 (16.9) | |
| 2 | 182 (41.6) | 154 (42.1) | 28 (39.4) | |
| 3 | 37 (8.5) | 25 (6.8) | 12 (16.9) | |
| 4 | 33 (7.6) | 29 (7.9) | 4 (5.7) | |
| Sarcomatoid/rhabdoid differentiation | 0.118 | |||
| Absent | 374 (85.6) | 309 (84.4) | 65 (91.5) | |
| Present | 63 (14.4) | 57 (15.6) | 6 (8.5) | |
| Pathologic grade | 0.010 | |||
| 1-2 | 157 (35.9) | 141 (38.5) | 16 (22.5) | |
| 3-4 | 280 (64.1) | 225 (61.5) | 55 (77.5) | |
| ASA grade | 0.233 | |||
| 1-2 | 367 (84.0%) | 304 (83.1) | 63 (88.7) | |
| 3-4 | 70 (16.0) | 62 (16.9) | 8 (11.3) |
Data were M (IQR). BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; nccRCC, non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists. |
表2 接受根治性肾切除术+静脉癌栓取出术的肾透明细胞癌与非透明细胞癌伴静脉癌栓患者的术中情况比较Table 2 Intraoperative situation of clear cell and non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients with venous tumor thrombus |
| Variables | Total | ccRCC | nccRCC | P |
| Number of patients | 437 (100.0) | 366 (83.8) | 71 (16.2) | |
| Radical nephrectomy approach | 0.112 | |||
| Open | 157 (35.9) | 124 (33.9) | 33 (46.5) | |
| Laparoscopic | 181 (41.4) | 158 (43.2) | 23 (32.4) | |
| Robotic | 99 (22.7) | 84 (22.9) | 15 (21.1) | |
| Conversion to open surgery* | 8 (2.9) | 7 (2.9) | 1 (2.6) | >0.999 |
| Duration of surgery/min | 273 (171) | 272 (164) | 289 (170) | 0.023 |
| Estimated blood loss/mL | 500 (900) | 500 (900) | 575 (857) | 0.361 |
| RBC transfusion/mL | 400 (800) | 400 (800) | 0 (800) | 0.316 |
| Plasma transfusion/mL | 0 (400) | 0 (400) | 0 (400) | 0.591 |
Data were M (IQR). * The conversion rate from laparoscopic and robotic surgery to open surgery; IQR, interquartile range; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; nccRCC, non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma. |
表3 肾细胞癌伴静脉癌栓患者预后相关的Cox回归分析Table 3 Prognosis-related Cox regression analysis in patients with renal cell carcinoma patients with venous tumor thrombus |
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
| HR (95%CI) | P | HR (95%CI) | P | ||
| Age/years | |||||
| < 60 | |||||
| ≥60 | 1.344 (0.981, 1.841) | 0.066 | |||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | |||||
| Female | 0.931 (0.651, 1.332) | 0.695 | |||
| BMI/(kg/m2) | |||||
| < 24 | |||||
| ≥24 | 0.626 (0.456, 0.859) | 0.004 | 0.772 (0.553, 1.078) | 0.128 | |
| Tumor laterality | |||||
| Left | |||||
| Right | 0.921 (0.671, 1.264) | 0.611 | |||
| Histologic type | |||||
| Clear cell | |||||
| Non-clear cell | 2.386 (1.670, 3.409) | < 0.001 | 2.277 (1.561, 3.321) | < 0.001 | |
| Tumor size/cm | |||||
| < 8.5 | |||||
| ≥8.5 | 1.199 (0.879, 1.637) | 0.252 | |||
| N | |||||
| N0 | |||||
| N1 | 1.270 (0.919, 1.756) | 0.148 | |||
| M | |||||
| M0 | |||||
| M1 | 2.582 (1.882, 3.543) | < 0.001 | 2.250 (1.609, 3.146) | < 0.001 | |
| Tumor thrombus grading | |||||
| 0 | |||||
| 1 | 1.102 (0.657, 1.848) | 0.712 | 0.986 (0.584, 1.666) | 0.958 | |
| 2 | 1.246 (0.818, 1.896) | 0.306 | 1.275 (0.824, 1.975) | 0.276 | |
| 3 | 2.082 (1.207, 3.589) | 0.008 | 1.502 (0.816, 2.766) | 0.192 | |
| 4 | 2.399 (1.367, 4.211) | 0.002 | 2.208 (1.207, 4.040) | 0.010 | |
| Sarcomatoid/rhabdoid differentiation | |||||
| Absent | |||||
| Present | 2.168 (1.454, 3.235) | < 0.001 | 2.309 (1.520, 3.509) | < 0.001 | |
| Pathologic grade | |||||
| 1-2 | |||||
| 3-4 | 1.931 (1.362, 2.738) | < 0.001 | 1.432 (0.998, 2.056) | 0.051 | |
| ASA grade | |||||
| 1-2 | |||||
| 3-4 | 1.399 (0.939, 2.083) | 0.098 | |||
| Radical nephrectomy approach | |||||
| Open | |||||
| Laparoscopic | 1.483 (1.067, 2.060) | 0.019 | 0.872 (0.596, 1.276) | 0.481 | |
| Robotic | 0.884 (0.512, 1.525) | 0.657 | 0.614 (0.349, 1.081) | 0.091 | |
BMI, body mass index. |
