1 资料与方法
1.1 患者一般资料
1.2 患者数据收集和分组
1.3 观察指标
1.4 统计学分析
2 结果
2.1 两组患者的基线一般情况
表1 RTX组和对照组基线一般情况比较Table 1 Comparison of baseline general characteristic between the RTX group and the control group |
| Items | RTX group (n=17) | Control group (n=34) | P value |
| Demographic data | |||
| Male/Female | 1/16 | 2/32 | >0.999 |
| Age of onset/years, $\bar x \pm s$ | 38.35±14.81 | 40.97±12.37 | 0.508 |
| Course of disease/years, $\bar x \pm s$ | 12.86±10.82 | 11.24±10.33 | 0.604 |
| Symptom, n (%) | |||
| Dry mouth | 16 (94.12) | 32 (94.12) | >0.999 |
| Ocular dryness | 17 (100.00) | 33 (97.06) | >0.999 |
| Edema | 6 (35.29) | 7 (20.59) | 0.315 |
| Increased nocturia | 3 (17.65) | 9 (26.47) | 0.728 |
| Antibody, n (%) | |||
| Anti-SSA60 antibodies | 14 (82.35) | 29 (85.29) | >0.999 |
| Anti-Ro52 antibodies | 16 (94.12) | 26 (76.47) | 0.241 |
| Anti-SSB antibodies | 4 (23.53) | 18 (52.94) | 0.072 |
| System involvement, n (%) | |||
| Respiratory system | 4 (23.53) | 12 (35.29) | 0.527 |
| Hematologic system | 10 (58.82) | 14 (41.18) | 0.255 |
| Peripheral nervous system | 4 (23.53) | 4 (11.76) | 0.416 |
| Previous medication, n (%) | |||
| HCQ | 14 (82.35) | 24 (70.59) | 0.568 |
| MMF | 14 (82.35) | 25 (73.53) | 0.728 |
| CTX | 6 (35.29) | 14 (41.18) | 0.767 |
| IGU | 2 (11.76) | 6 (17.65) | 0.703 |
| AZA | 1 (5.88) | 1 (2.94) | >0.999 |
| CsA | 1 (5.88) | 2 (5.88) | >0.999 |
| TAC | 2 (11.76) | 7 (20.59) | 0.699 |
| LEF | 1 (5.88) | 1 (2.94) | >0.999 |
| Tofacitinib | 0 (0) | 4 (11.76) | 0.284 |
| Using prednisone, n (%) | 12 (70.59) | 27 (79.41) | 0.503 |
RTX, rituximab; SSA, Sjögren syndrome type A; SSB, Sjögren syndrome type B; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; CTX, cyclophosphamide; IGU, iguratimod; AZA, azathioprine; CsA, cyclosporine A; TAC, tacrolimus; LEF, leflunomide. |
2.2 两组患者基线实验室指标的比较
表2 RTX组和对照组基线实验室指标的比较Table 2 Comparison of baseline laboratory parameters between the RTX group and the control group |
| Items | RTX group (n=17) | Control group (n=34) | P value |
| General laboratory parameter | |||
| WBC/(×109/L) | 5.36±2.73 | 5.78±2.10 | 0.544 |
| HGB/(g/L) | 113.00±16.95 | 114.62±18.99 | 0.768 |
| PLT/(×109/L) | 191.65±79.05 | 183.91±79.04 | 0.744 |
| CRP/(mg/L) | 1.10 (0.50, 3.70) | 1.00 (0.50, 2.70) | 0.852 |
| ESR/(mm/h) | 54.12±30.47 | 40.38±27.45 | 0.115 |
| Renal injury index | |||
| Scr/(μmol/L) | 83.0 (64.0, 155.0) | 76.0 (62.5, 96.5) | 0.631 |
| BUN/(mmol/L) | 6.00 (4.50, 10.95) | 5.88 (4.40, 8.51) | 0.920 |
| eGFR/[mL/(min·1.73 m2)] | 73.00 (36.63, 102.14) | 75.69 (49.95, 97.73) | 0.910 |
| Serum potassium/(mmol/L) | 3.80±0.57 | 3.77±0.57 | 0.845 |
| CO2CP/(mmol/L) | 24.00 (21.70, 25.00) | 23.65 (18.75, 27.80) | 0.897 |
| 24h UTP/(g/24 h) | 0.30 (0.19, 4.53) | 0.54 (0.21, 1.10) | 0.933 |
| RBP/(mg/L) | 3.17±3.34 | 3.04±3.84 | 0.916 |
| NAG/(U/L) | 17.60±9.99 | 24.15±37.86 | 0.530 |
| β2-MG/(μg/L) | 1 444.65 (325.08, 6 102.90) | 1 091.00 (112.95, 7 170.25) | 0.784 |
| Urine pH | 6.50±0.77 | 6.61±0.77 | 0.647 |
| Bicarbonate/(mmol/L) | 17.68±7.87 | 17.46±6.64 | 0.939 |
| Titratable acid/(mmol/L) | 1.59 (0.55, 7.15) | 6.00 (2.15, 10.46) | 0.237 |
| Ammonium ion/(mmol/L) | 18.99±10.49 | 30.01±14.78 | 0.065 |
| Immunological features | |||
| IgG/(g/L) | 19.39±9.91 | 20.79±12.48 | 0.690 |
| vC3/(g/L) | 1.06±0.29 | 0.98±0.21 | 0.276 |
| C4/(g/L) | 0.32±0.17 | 0.24±0.10 | 0.079 |
| RF/(IU/mL) | 33.40 (17.90, 113.50) | 67.65 (20.00, 173.75) | 0.341 |
| γ-globulin/% | 22.60 (18.30, 34.50) | 26.15 (18.80, 30.50) | 0.990 |
| Anti-α-fodrin/(RU/mL) | 11.94 (6.46, 19.24) | 8.61 (5.07, 17.00) | 0.366 |
Data are presented as $\bar x \pm s$ or M (P25, P75). RTX, rituximab; WBC, white blood cell; HGB, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Scr, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CO2CP, carbon dioxide combining power; 24h UTP, 24 h urinary total protein; RBP, retinol binding protein, NAG, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase; β2-MG, beta2-microglobulin; IgG, immunoglobulin G; C3, complement 3; C4, complement 4; RF, rheumatoid factor. |
2.3 两组患者治疗前后一般实验室指标的比较
表3 RTX组和对照组治疗前后一般实验室指标比较Table 3 Comparison of general laboratory parameters before and after treatment between the RTX group and the control group |
| Items | Group | Before treatment | After treatment | P value |
| WBC/(×109/L) | RTX group | 4.50 (3.79, 6.55) | 4.60 (3.53, 5.85) | 0.518 |
| Control group | 5.38 (4.18, 7.59) | 5.74 (4.29, 7.99) | 0.480 | |
| HGB/(g/L) | RTX group | 112.00 (101.00, 130.00) | 126.00 (115.50, 131.50) | 0.097 |
| Control group | 116.50 (101.25, 126.25) | 122.00 (110.00, 131.00) | 0.111 | |
| PLT/(×109/L) | RTX group | 164.00 (139.00, 247.00) | 178.00 (144.00, 230.50) | 0.552 |
| Control group | 195.00 (120.75, 237.50) | 183.00 (150.00, 256.50) | 0.340 | |
| CRP/(mg/L) | RTX group | 1.10 (0.50, 3.70) | 0.55 (0.50, 1.75) | 0.333 |
| Control group | 1.00 (0.50, 2.70) | 1.37 (0.50, 3.38) | 0.020 | |
| ESR/(mm/h) | RTX group | 68.00 (24.00, 80.00) | 15.00 (6.75, 30.75) | 0.002 |
| Control group | 28.50 (19.25, 60.00) | 23.00 (9.50, 38.00) | 0.059 |
Data are presented as M (P25, P75). Abbreviations as in Table 2. |
2.4 两组患者治疗前后肾损害指标的比较
图1 治疗后RTX组和对照组肾损伤指标的比较Figure 1 Comparison of renal injury index after treatment between the RTX group and the control group A, serum creatinine (Scr); B, blood urea nitrogen (BUN); C, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); D, 24 h urinary total protein (24h UTP); E, carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP); F, serum potassium (K); G, retinol binding protein (RBP); H, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG); I, beta2-microglobulin (β2-MG). * P < 0.05, * * P < 0.01. RTX, rituximab; ns, no significance. |
表4 RTX组和对照组治疗前后肾损害指标的比较Table 4 Comparison of renal injury index before and after treatment between the RTX group and the control group |
| Items | Group | Before treatment | After treatment | P value |
| Scr/(μmol/L) | RTX group | 83.00 (64.00, 155.00) | 74.00 (70.50, 109.00) | 0.049 |
| Control group | 76.00 (62.50, 96.50) | 86.00 (65.25, 111.25) | 0.112 | |
| BUN/(mmol/L) | RTX group | 6.00 (4.50, 10.95) | 5.40 (4.20, 7.00) | 0.011 |
| Control group | 5.88 (4.40, 8.51) | 6.00 (4.65, 9.15) | 0.859 | |
| eGFR/[mL/(min·1.73 m2)] | RTX group | 73.00 (36.63, 102.14) | 76.71 (51.50, 94.86) | 0.287 |
| Control group | 75.69 (49.95, 97.73) | 75.35 (46.32, 92.56) | 0.224 | |
| Serum potassium/(mmol/L) | RTX group | 3.80±0.57 | 4.15±0.47 | 0.005 |
| Control group | 3.77±0.57 | 3.89±0.48 | 0.137 | |
| CO2CP/(mmol/L) | RTX group | 24.00 (21.70, 25.00) | 22.50 (21.90, 24.90) | 0.687 |
| Control group | 23.65 (18.75, 27.80) | 24.50 (20.60, 26.75) | 0.586 | |
| 24h UTP/(g/24 h) | RTX group | 0.30 (0.19, 4.53) | 0.15 (0.14, 2.26) | 0.333 |
| Control group | 0.54 (0.21, 1.10) | 0.35 (0.17, 0.91) | 0.055 | |
| RBP/(mg/L) | RTX group | 1.15 (0.74, 5.99) | 0.46 (0.40, 0.60) | 0.003 |
| Control group | 1.14 (0.32, 5.41) | 0.64 (0.35, 4.31) | 0.959 | |
| NAG/(U/L) | RTX group | 14.22 (10.53, 24.10) | 7.45 (2.29, 10.65) | 0.008 |
| Control group | 13.80 (7.25, 24.00) | 13.45 (9.30, 25.50) | 0.500 | |
| β2-MG/(μg/L) | RTX group | 1 444.65 (325.08, 6 102.90) | 94.15 (10.88, 351.45) | 0.002 |
| Control group | 1 091.00 (112.95, 7 170.25) | 784.70 (267.20, 3 688.00) | 0.918 | |
| Urine pH | RTX group | 6.44±0.81* | 6.58±0.67 | 0.238 |
| Control group | 6.46±0.92* | 6.63±0.92 | 0.465 | |
| Bicarbonate/(mmol/L) | RTX group | 18.46±9.20* | 15.05±8.60 | 0.155 |
| Control group | 15.16±5.19* | 11.64±4.46 | 0.359 | |
| Titratable acid/(mmol/L) | RTX group | 1.59 (0.55, 7.15) | 2.00 (0.55, 6.15) | 0.500 |
| Control group | 6.00 (2.15, 10.46) | 5.50 (2.91, 11.65) | 0.893 | |
| Ammonium ion/(mmol/L) | RTX group | 18.99 (8.36, 28.01) | 17.44 (12.30, 26.91) | 0.345 |
| Control group | 28.83 (17.69, 41.41) | 17.37 (12.26, 28.33) | 0.080 |
Data are presented as $\bar x \pm s$ or M (P25, P75). Abbreviations as in Table 2. * In the paired analysis of intra-group data before and after treatment, if the post-treatment sample data were missing, the pair of data was excluded. Specifically, only samples with complete data at both time points were included for subsequent statistical analyses; therefore, the sample size in this table is slightly different from that at baseline. |
2.5 两组患者治疗前后免疫指标的比较
图2 治疗后RTX组和对照组免疫指标的比较Figure 2 Comparison of immunological features after treatment between the RTX group and the control group A, immunoglobulin G (IgG); B, complement 3 (C3); C, complement 4 (C4); D, rheumatoid factor (RF); E, γ-globulin; F, anti-α-fodrin. * P < 0.05. RTX, rituximab; ns, no significance. |
表5 RTX组和对照组治疗前后免疫指标比较Table 5 Comparison of immunological features before and after treatment between the RTX group and the control group |
| Items | Group | Before treatment | After treatment | P value |
| IgG/(g/L) | RTX group | 20.98±9.45* | 14.97±5.39 | 0.013 |
| Control group | 21.25±12.85* | 19.91±11.99 | 0.081 | |
| C3/(g/L) | RTX group | 1.03±0.30* | 1.29±0.39 | 0.047 |
| Control group | 0.98±0.21 | 0.99±0.25 | 0.086 | |
| C4/(g/L) | RTX group | 0.29±0.14* | 0.37±0.18 | 0.024 |
| Control group | 0.23±0.09* | 0.29±0.11 | 0.001 | |
| RF/(IU/mL) | RTX group | 33.40 (17.90, 113.50) | 16.40 (13.50, 22.00) | 0.034 |
| Control group | 67.65 (20.00, 173.75) | 25.00 (18.80, 58.80) | 0.012 | |
| γ-globulin/% | RTX group | 22.60 (18.30, 34.50) | 19.35 (18.18, 21.20) | 0.005 |
| Control group | 26.15 (18.80, 30.50) | 20.00 (15.05, 24.50) | 0.002 | |
| Anti-α-fodrin/(RU/mL) | RTX group | 11.94 (6.46, 19.24) | 6.37 (4.68, 8.90) | 0.017 |
| Control group | 8.61 (5.07, 17.00) | 5.64 (2.81, 8.58) | 0.063 |
Data are presented as $\bar x \pm s$ or M (P25, P75). Abbreviations as in Table 2. * In the paired analysis of intra-group data before and after treatment, if the post-treatment sample data were missing, the pair of data was excluded. Specifically, only samples with complete data at both time points were included for subsequent statistical analyses; therefore, the sample size in this table is slightly different from that at baseline. |
