1 资料与方法
1.1 研究对象
1.2 baPWV和ABI的测量
1.3 随访和结局
1.4 协变量的定义
1.5 统计分析方法
2 结果
2.1 研究对象整体情况
表1 研究对象基线特征情况Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants |
| Variables | First quartile group (n=1 914) | Second quartile group (n=1 927) | Third quartile group (n=1 923) | Fourth quartile group (n=1 922) | P value |
| Age/years, ${\bar x}$±s | 50.51±10.15 | 56.82±8.73 | 58.12±9.60 | 63.96±8.65 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n(%) | 892 (46.60) | 977 (50.70) | 982 (51.07) | 859 (44.69) | < 0.001 |
| Education level, n(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Primary school or below | 512 (26.75) | 726 (37.68) | 811 (42.17) | 1 101 (57.28) | |
| Junior high school or more | 1 402 (73.25) | 1 201 (62.32) | 1 112 (57.83) | 821 (42.72) | |
| Smoking status, n(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Never | 1 139 (59.51) | 1 049 (54.44) | 1 003 (52.16) | 1 040 (54.11) | |
| Former smoker | 203 (10.61) | 291 (15.10) | 298 (15.50) | 383 (19.93) | |
| Current smoker | 572 (29.89) | 587 (30.46) | 622 (32.35) | 499 (25.96) | |
| Drinking status, n(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Never | 1 268 (66.25) | 1 209 (62.74) | 1 243 (64.64) | 1 271 (66.13) | |
| Former drinker | 115 (6.01) | 174 (9.03) | 173 (9.00) | 180 (9.37) | |
| Current drinker | 531 (27.74) | 544 (28.23) | 507 (26.37) | 471 (24.51) | |
| Exercise status (regularly), n(%) | 256 (13.38) | 261 (13.54) | 120 (6.24) | 189 (9.83) | < 0.001 |
| BMI/(kg/m2), ${\bar x}$±s | 26.22±3.72 | 26.34±3.61 | 26.26±3.58 | 25.73±3.46 | 0.004 |
| LDL-C/(mmol/L), ${\bar x}$±s | 2.21±0.80 | 2.24±0.92 | 2.60±0.88 | 2.30±0.97 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C/(mmol/L), ${\bar x}$±s | 0.98±0.32 | 0.92±0.33 | 1.19±0.47 | 0.93±0.33 | < 0.001 |
| TG/(mmol/L), M (P25, P75) | 1.18 (0.77, 1.77) | 1.26 (0.83, 1.87) | 1.47 (0.94, 2.16) | 1.31 (0.86, 2.02) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n(%) | 558 (29.15) | 818 (42.45) | 696 (36.19) | 1 029 (53.54) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 778 (40.65) | 1 367 (70.94) | 1 505 (78.26) | 1 736 (90.32) | < 0.001 |
| CHD, n(%) | 441 (23.04) | 563 (29.22) | 337 (17.52) | 727 (37.83) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke, n(%) | 387 (20.22) | 669 (34.72) | 694 (36.09% | 901 (46.88) | < 0.001 |
First quartile group, baPWV < 1 462 cm/s; Second quartile group, 1 462 cm/s≤baPWV<1 690 cm/s; Third quartile group, 1 690 cm/s≤baPWV < 1 832 cm/s; Fourth quartile group, baPWV≥1 832 cm/s. baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BMI, body mass index; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; CHD, coronary heart disease. |
2.2 全因死亡风险
表2 baPWV和死亡风险之间的Cox回归分析结果Table 2 Cox regression analysis of the relationship between baPWV and the risk of death |
| Variables | First quartile group | Second quartile group | Third quartile group | Fourth quartile group | Continuous |
| All-cause | |||||
| Model 1 | Reference | 0.78 (0.56-1.10) | 1.17 (0.86-1.60) | 1.78 (1.32-2.40) | 0.74 (0.70-0.79) |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.78 (0.55-1.09) | 1.14 (0.83-1.55) | 1.77 (1.31-2.39) | 0.75 (0.71-0.79) |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.67 (0.48-0.96) | 1.05 (0.76-1.46) | 1.40 (1.02-1.92) | 0.77 (0.72-0.81) |
| CVD | |||||
| Model 1 | Reference | 0.96 (0.61-1.51) | 1.42 (0.93-2.15) | 1.77 (1.17-2.67) | 0.67 (0.62-0.72) |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.94 (0.59-1.48) | 1.33 (0.87-2.03) | 1.74 (1.15-2.64) | 0.67 (0.62-0.72) |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.76 (0.47-1.21) | 1.10 (0.71-1.72) | 1.22 (0.79-1.88) | 0.69 (0.64-0.75) |
The table displays hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). For the baPWV as a continuous variable, the HR is expressed per 100 cm/s increase in baPWV. First quartile group, baPWV < 1 462 cm/s; Second quartile group, 1 462 cm/s≤baPWV<1 690 cm/s; Third quartile group, 1 690 cm/s≤baPWV < 1 832 cm/s; Fourth quartile group, baPWV≥1 832 cm/s. Model 1, adjusted for age, sex and family structure; Mo-del 2, model 1 plus education level, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index and exercise status; Model 3, model 2 plus LDL-C, HDL-C, TG and the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, CHD and stroke. baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; CHD, coronary heart disease. |
表3 ABI和死亡风险之间的Cox回归分析结果Table 3 Cox regression analysis of the relationship between ABI and the risk of death |
| Variables | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Continuous |
| All-cause | ||||
| Model 1 | Reference | 1.45 (1.07-1.99) | 3.82 (2.99-4.88) | 0.74 (0.70-0.79) |
| Model 2 | Reference | 1.44 (1.05-1.97) | 3.72 (2.90-4.77) | 0.75 (0.71-0.79) |
| Model 3 | Reference | 1.39 (1.02-1.91) | 3.32 (2.57-4.28) | 0.77 (0.72-0.81) |
| CVD | ||||
| Model 1 | Reference | 1.60 (1.06-2.40) | 5.16 (3.77-7.06) | 0.67 (0.62-0.72) |
| Model 2 | Reference | 1.56 (1.03-2.36) | 4.91 (3.58-6.74) | 0.67 (0.62-0.72) |
| Model 3 | Reference | 1.50 (0.99-2.28) | 4.29 (3.09-5.94) | 0.69 (0.64-0.75) |
The table displays hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Group 1, ABI≥1.00; Group 2, 0.91≤ABI≤0.99; Group 3, ABI≤0.90; Model 1, adjusted for age, sex and family structure; Model 2, model 1 plus education level, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index and exercise status; Model 3, model 2 plus LDL-C, HDL-C, TG and the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, CHD and stroke. For the ABI as a continuous variable, the HR is expressed per 0.1 decrease in ABI. ABI, ankle brachial index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; CHD, coronary heart disease. |
表4 baPWV和ABI结合与死亡风险之间的Cox回归分析结果Table 4 Cox regression analysis of the relationship between the combined values of baPWV and ABI and the risk of death |
| Variables | ABI≥0.91 | ABI≤0.90 |
| All-cause | ||
| baPWV < 1 800 cm/s | Reference | 3.67 (2.53-5.31) |
| baPWV≥1 800 cm/s | 1.62 (1.31-2.00) | 4.76 (3.39-6.68) |
| CVD | ||
| baPWV < 1 800 cm/s | Reference | 4.95 (3.14-7.79) |
| baPWV≥1 800 cm/s | 1.29 (0.97-1.72) | 4.68 (2.97-7.36) |
The table displays hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Adjusted for age, sex, family structure, education level, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index, exercise status, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG and the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, CHD and stroke. baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; ABI, ankle brachial index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein choles-terol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; CHD, coronary heart disease. |
2.3 心血管疾病死亡风险
2.4 亚组分析和交互作用分析
表5 不同亚组中baPWV或ABI异常与死亡风险的关联Table 5 The association between abnormal baPWV or ABI in different subgroups and the risk of death |
| Variables | All-cause mortality | CVD mortality | |||
| HR (95%CI) | P for interaction | HR (95%CI) | P for interaction | ||
| Age | 0.489 | 0.734 | |||
| < 60 years | 2.41 (1.67-3.48) | 2.28 (1.43-3.64) | |||
| ≥60 years | 2.19 (1.75-2.75) | 1.98 (1.47-2.66) | |||
| Sex | 0.225 | 0.541 | |||
| Female | 1.71 (1.25-2.33) | 1.47 (0.96-2.23) | |||
| Male | 1.97 (1.53-2.55) | 1.79 (1.28-2.49) | |||
| Smoking | 0.568 | 0.415 | |||
| Never | 2.22 (1.63-3.02) | 1.85 (1.22-2.82) | |||
| Former+Current | 1.67 (1.31-2.14) | 1.56 (1.10-2.19) | |||
| Drinking | 0.138 | 0.512 | |||
| Never | 1.96 (1.51-2.56) | 1.85 (1.32-2.61) | |||
| Former+Current | 1.75 (1.30-2.37) | 1.37 (0.91-2.07) | |||
| Obesity (BMI≥28 kg/m2) | 0.417 | 0.434 | |||
| No | 1.95 (1.56-2.44) | 1.70 (1.26-2.30) | |||
| Yes | 1.90 (1.26-2.87) | 1.66 (0.99-2.80) | |||
| Hypertension | 0.193 | 0.505 | |||
| No | 1.96 (1.17-3.27) | 1.75 (0.85-3.59) | |||
| Yes | 1.90 (1.54-2.35) | 1.72 (1.30-2.27) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.256 | 0.481 | |||
| No | 2.01 (1.54-2.61) | 1.92 (1.31-2.81) | |||
| Yes | 1.84 (1.39-2.45) | 2.53 (1.06-2.20) | |||
The table displays hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Adjusted for age, sex, family structure, education level, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index, exercise status, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG and the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, CHD and stroke. baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; ABI, ankle brachial index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; CHD, coronary heart disease. |
