收稿日期: 2025-08-18
网络出版日期: 2025-10-22
版权
VEXAS syndrome mimicking relapsing polychondritis: A case report
Received date: 2025-08-18
Online published: 2025-10-22
Copyright
报告1例53岁男性VEXAS综合征的诊疗经过,患者表现为多发皮下结节、耳鼻软骨炎,查血白细胞减少,大细胞性贫血,血小板减少,红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白升高,ANA、抗ENA抗体谱、ANCA均阴性,抗心磷脂抗体、抗β2糖蛋白Ⅰ抗体、抗磷脂酰丝氨酸-凝血酶原复合物抗体均阳性,UBA1基因Exon3突变检测阳性,突变位点为p.Met41Val(c.121A>G);骨髓涂片示粒细胞系统空泡变性,皮肤活检示嗜中性皮肤病改变,诊断为VEXAS综合征,主要累及耳鼻软骨、皮肤及血液系统。应用足量糖皮质激素、磷酸芦可替尼治疗后病情好转。本病例提示对于50岁以上的男性软骨炎患者,出现顽固性自身炎症表现和(或)难以解释的血液系统异常时,应重视骨髓评估,进行UBA1基因检测,警惕VEXAS综合征可能,尽早明确诊断和制定个性化治疗方案有助于改善患者预后。
董琪 , 何菁 , 贾园 , 姚海红 , 张霞 . 模拟复发性多软骨炎的VEXAS综合征1例[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2025 , 57(6) : 1180 -1183 . DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2025.06.024
This article reports the diagnosis and therapeutic management of a 53-year-old male with VEXAS syndrome mimicking relapsing polychondritis. The patient presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules and auricular/nasal chondritis. Blood routine examination revealed leukopenia, moderate macrocytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Inflammatory markers were elevated, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6. Serological tests were negative for antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-extractable nuclear antigen antibody spectrum (ENA), and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), but positive for anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-β2-glycoprotein Ⅰ anti-bodies, and anti-phosphatidylserine-prothrombin antibodies, and screening revealed no thromboembolic events, with no evidence of infection. Genetic testing confirmed a UBA1 gene mutation in Exon 3, spe- cifically p.Met41Val (c.121A>G). Bone marrow aspiration demonstrated grade Ⅲ bone marrow hyperplasia and vacuolization of myeloid precursors without dyshematopoiesis. A skin biopsy indicated a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate with focal dense neutrophilic infiltrates, consistent with neutrophilic dermatosis. The consultation with experts from the hematology department indicated that there was currently insufficient evidence for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of VEXAS syndrome was established, with main involvements of the ears/nasal cartilage, skin, and hematopoietic system. The patient' s condition improved significantly following treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin and ruxolitinib phosphate. Throughout the scheduled follow-up period, the patient showed marked clinical improvement, with resolution of subcutaneous nodules and alleviation of swelling and pain in the auricles and nasal bridge. Hematologic parameters improved significantly, serum inflammatory markers returned to near-normal levels, and both anti-cardiolipin antibody and anti-β2-glycoprotein Ⅰ antibody turned negative. Additionally, the titer of anti-phosphatidylserine-prothrombin antibody decreased substantially. Notwithstanding substantial concerns about thrombotic risk due to positive phospholipid antibodies in the context of ruxolitinib treatment, thrombotic events were avoided with patient compliance to low-dose aspirin therapy. This case highlighted that the male patients aged over 50 years presenting with chondritis, refractory autoinflammatory manifestations, and/or unexplained hematological abnormalities, clinicians should consider bone marrow evaluation and UBA1 gene testing to promptly identify VEXAS syndrome, enabling early personalized treatment and improved outcomes.
利益冲突 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
作者贡献说明 董琪:收集、整理数据,撰写论文;何菁、贾园、姚海红、张霞:总体把关和审定论文。所有作者均参与论文修改,并对最终文稿进行审读和确认。
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