收稿日期: 2026-01-20
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0110904)
首都医科大学结直肠肿瘤临床诊疗与研究中心基金(1192070313)
版权
Current status and future perspectives of precision treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer
Received date: 2026-01-20
Online published: 2026-03-12
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0110904)
Clinical Center for Colorectal Cancer, Capital Medical University(1192070313)
Copyright
高加勒 , 张忠涛 . 局部进展期直肠癌精准治疗现状与展望[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2026 , 58(2) : 247 -250 . DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2026.02.004
The treatment paradigm for locally advanced rectal cancer is undergoing a fundamental transformation from the traditional fixed triad of "radiotherapy-surgery-chemotherapy" to a holistic eco-system centered on precision stratification and multidisciplinary collaboration. This review synthesizes the current landscape and future perspectives of this evolution across four key dimensions. First, in surgical innovation, robotic-assisted surgery has demonstrated superiority over conventional laparoscopy in the narrow pelvis. High-quality evidence indicates that robot-assisted surgery (RAS) not only ensures better oncological outcomes, such as lower circumferential resection margin positivity, but also significantly improves functional recovery, including urinary and sexual functions. The field is further advancing towards the integration of intraoperative navigation, fluorescence imaging, and 5G remote collaboration. Second, molecular-guided immunotherapy is reshaping neoadjuvant strategies. While patients with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) status achieve high rates of clinical complete response with immune checkpoint inhibitors, creating opportunities for organ preservation strategies like "Watch and Wait", research in the proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) population is pivoting towards synergistic radio-immunotherapy combinations to overcome immune-cold microenvironments. Third, artificial intelligence and radiomics are enabling non-invasive quantitative risk stratification and treatment response prediction. Beyond preoperative assessment, computer vision is entering the operating room to identify critical anatomical structures (e.g., nerves, ureters) in real-time and objectively assess surgical quality. Finally, liquid biopsy, particularly circulating tumor DNA, has emerged as a critical biomarker for minimal residual disease. Dynamic monitoring complements morphological imaging to guide decisions on treatment intensification or de-escalation. Collectively, these advances are driving locally advanced rectal cancer management towards a "biologically-driven" and "function-preserving" model. Future efforts must focus on establishing standardized protocols for these technologies and validating their long-term benefits in survival and quality of life through high-quality, multi-center clinical trials.
利益冲突 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
作者贡献声明 高加勒:撰写论文;张忠涛:总体把关和审定论文。所有作者均参与论文修改,并对最终文稿进行审读和确认。
| 1 |
|
| 2 |
|
| 3 |
|
| 4 |
|
| 5 |
|
| 6 |
|
| 7 |
|
| 8 |
|
| 9 |
|
| 10 |
|
| 11 |
|
| 12 |
|
| 13 |
|
| 14 |
|
| 15 |
|
| 16 |
|
| 17 |
|
| 18 |
|
| 19 |
|
| 20 |
|
| 21 |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |