Refractory systemic lupus erythematosus-associated thrombocytopenia treated with avatrombopag: A case report
Received date: 2025-08-14
Online published: 2026-02-28
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血小板减少是系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE)最常见的血液系统并发症之一。本文报道1例38岁的女性SLE患者,妊娠17周时出现重度血小板减少(9×109/L),实验室检查提示抗核抗体(anti-nuclear antibody,ANA) 1 ∶ 320、补体C3下降、抗磷脂抗体升高,血管超声提升右下肢腘静脉血栓。骨髓穿刺示巨核细胞分化成熟障碍,诊断为SLE、继发性免疫性血小板减少、抗磷脂综合征。病程中患者仅对静脉注射人免疫球蛋白、大剂量激素冲击有短暂应答(<1周),对常规剂量激素、免疫抑制剂(如他克莫司、吗替麦考酚酯、西罗莫司等)、生物制剂(如利妥昔单抗)以及血小板生成素受体激动剂(thrombopoietin receptor agonists,TPO-RAs)艾曲泊帕均无效。血小板长期波动于1×109/L~10×109/L,伴间断牙龈及阴道出血。最终,患者在接受阿伐曲泊帕治疗5 d后,血小板快速升至正常并长期稳定。本例提示,阿伐曲泊帕可作为传统治疗无效的难治性SLE合并血小板减少的有效挽救方案;不同类型TPO-RAs之间存在疗效差异,更换TPO-RAs类型可能获得良好效果。
关键词: 系统性红斑狼疮; 血小板减少; 血小板生成素受体激动剂; 阿伐曲泊帕
汤晓菲 , 丁秋玲 , 张阳 , 王育梅 , 田美伊 , 孙卓 , 王荣荣 , 陈妍 , 刘坚 . 阿伐曲泊帕治疗难治性系统性红斑狼疮相关血小板减少1例[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2026 , 58(2) : 405 -409 . DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2026.02.028
Thrombocytopenia is one of the most common hematological complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In severe cases, it can lead to life-threatening complications such as intracranial hemorrhage, significantly affecting the prognosis of patients. Clinically, after treatment with standard-dose glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mo-fetil, etc.), the platelet count of most patients can rapidly increase and remain stable. However, there are still some refractory patients who do not respond to traditional treatment and require advanced therapeutic regimens such as biological agents or thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs). This article reports a case of a 38-year-old young female patient with SLE. By the 17th week of her pregnancy, severe thrombocytopenia (9×109/L) was detected. Laboratory tests showed an antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer of 1 ∶ 320, decreased complement C3, and elevated antiphospholipid antibodies. Additionally, she had a popliteal vein thrombosis in the right lower extremity. Bone marrow aspiration indicated a disorder in the differentiation and maturation of megakaryocytes. The patient was diagnosed with SLE, secondary immune thrombocytopenia, and antiphospholipid syndrome. At the end of 21 weeks of gestation, the patient underwent a cesarean section to terminate the pregnancy due to concurrent asymptomatic pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension. During the entire disease course, the patient only had a transient response (duration no more than 1 week) to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or high-dose glucocorticoid pulse therapy. She showed no response to conventional-dose glucocorticoids (methylprednisolone 40-80 mg/d), immunosuppressants (such as tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and sirolimus), rituximab, and TPO-RAs (e.g., eltrombopag). The platelet count persistently fluctuated between 1×109/L and 10×109/L, accompanied by intermittent gingival and vaginal bleeding. Intermittent IVIG infusions and subcutaneous injection of leuprolide acetate for artificial amenorrhea were required for treatment. Finally, after the patient received avatrombopag 20 mg once daily for 5 days, the platelet count rapidly increased to the normal range and remained stable for a relatively long period. This case suggests that TPO-RAs can be an effective treatment option for patients with refractory SLE complicated by thrombocytopenia who are unresponsive to traditional therapies. Additionally, there are differences in response among different TPO-RAs, and switching to another TPO-RA may yield favorable therapeutic effects. This provides a new practical reference for the individualized treatment of such refractory cases in clinical practice.
利益冲突 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
作者贡献声明 汤晓菲:提出研究思路,撰写文章;丁秋玲、张阳、王育梅、田美伊、孙卓、王荣荣、陈妍:收集、整理、分析临床数据;刘坚:总体把关,提出修改意见和审定论文。所有作者均参与论文修改,并对最终文稿进行审读和确认。
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