1 资料与方法
1.1 研究对象
1.2 调查工具和方法
1.3 质量控制
1.4 数据分析
2 结果
2.1 研究对象的基本特征描述
表1 研究对象电子烟戒断意愿与戒烟行为的基本特征描述(n=550)Table 1 Basic characteristics of the participants and their e-cigarette cessation intention and behavior (n=550) |
| Characteristics | Whole participants, n (%) | E-cigarette cessation intention | E-cigarette cessation behavior | ||||||
| $\bar x \pm s$ | t | P | Yes, n (%) | No, n (%) | χ2 | P | |||
| Age/years | 0.176 | 0.839 | 1.214 | 0.545 | |||||
| 18-24 | 56 (10.18) | 3.59±0.95 | 20 (11.49) | 36 (9.57) | |||||
| 25-34 | 307 (55.82) | 3.52±0.93 | 100 (57.47) | 207 (55.05) | |||||
| 35-44 | 187 (34.00) | 3.50±1.01 | 54 (31.03) | 133 (35.37) | |||||
| Gender | -0.909 | 0.364 | 0.252 | 0.616 | |||||
| Male | 395 (71.82) | 3.50±0.96 | 122 (70.11) | 273 (72.61) | |||||
| Female | 155 (28.18) | 3.58±0.95 | 52 (29.89) | 103 (27.39) | |||||
| Marital status | 0.012 | 0.990 | 2.429 | 0.119 | |||||
| Married | 418 (76.00) | 3.52±0.96 | 140 (80.46) | 278 (73.94) | |||||
| Widowed/Divorced or separated/ Never married | 132 (24.00) | 3.52±0.96 | 34 (19.54) | 98 (26.06) | |||||
| Education level | 1.082 | 0.339 | 1.528 | 0.466 | |||||
| High school and below | 27 (4.91) | 3.26±1.02 | 9 (5.17) | 18 (4.79) | |||||
| College or undergraduate | 480 (87.27) | 3.54±0.95 | 155 (89.08) | 325 (86.44) | |||||
| Master and above | 43 (7.82) | 3.51±0.96 | 10 (5.75) | 33 (8.78) | |||||
| Region | -0.172 | 0.864 | 0.501 | 0.479 | |||||
| Rural | 118 (21.45) | 3.51±0.95 | 41 (23.56) | 77 (20.48) | |||||
| Urban | 432 (78.55) | 3.53±0.96 | 133 (76.44) | 299 (79.52) | |||||
| Smoke cigarettes | -0.405 | 0.686 | 1.164 | 0.281 | |||||
| Yes | 373 (67.82) | 3.53±0.93 | 124 (71.26) | 249 (66.22) | |||||
| No | 177 (32.18) | 3.50±1.01 | 50 (28.74) | 127 (33.78) | |||||
| Cessation behavior | -8.002 | < 0.001 | |||||||
| Yes | 174 (31.64) | 3.95±0.79 | |||||||
| No | 376 (68.36) | 3.32±0.96 | |||||||
| Total | 550 (100.00) | 3.52±0.96 | 174 (31.64) | 376 (68.36) | |||||
2.2 PTM相关因素的描述性分析
2.3 电子烟戒断意愿的PTM影响因素分析结果
表2 PMT相关因素的描述性分析Table 2 Descriptive statistics of PMT-related factors |
| PMT variables | Total, $\bar x \pm s$ | Cessation intentiona(r) | Cessation behavior, $\bar x \pm s$ | ||
| Yes | No | P | |||
| Threat appraisal | -3.75±6.49 | 0.32*** | -1.55±6.62 | -4.77±6.18 | < 0.001 |
| Perceived threat | 17.39±4.58 | 0.33*** | 19.05±4.68 | 16.63±4.33 | < 0.001 |
| Severity | 8.87±2.46 | 0.32*** | 9.78±2.52 | 8.46±2.31 | < 0.001 |
| Vulnerability | 8.52±2.60 | 0.28*** | 9.28±2.57 | 8.17±2.54 | < 0.001 |
| Perceived reward | 21.15±3.84 | -0.14** | 20.60±4.12 | 21.40±3.68 | 0.029 |
| Intrinsic reward | 11.19±2.09 | -0.07 | 11.01±2.26 | 11.27±2.00 | 0.194 |
| Extrinsic reward | 9.96±2.40 | -0.16*** | 9.59±2.58 | 10.13±2.29 | 0.018 |
| Coping appraisal | 11.75±4.50 | 0.34*** | 11.89±4.56 | 11.69±4.47 | 0.633 |
| Perceived efficacy | 20.21±3.80 | 0.40*** | 20.68±3.77 | 19.99±3.79 | 0.045 |
| Response efficacy | 9.55±2.53 | 0.30*** | 9.58±2.61 | 9.53±2.49 | 0.837 |
| Self-efficacy | 10.66±2.54 | 0.30*** | 11.10±2.51 | 10.45±2.53 | 0.005 |
| Perceived cost | 8.46±2.36 | 0.003 | 8.80±2.52 | 8.30±2.27 | 0.027 |
| Response cost | 8.46±2.36 | 0.003 | 8.80±2.52 | 8.30±2.27 | 0.027 |
* * P < 0.01, * * * P < 0.001. a, e-cigarette cessation intention and PMT related factors are all continuous variables, therefore correlation analysis was used, and the r value are reported. PMT, protection motivation theory. |
表3 基于PMT的电子烟戒断意愿多重线性回归分析Table 3 Multiple linear regression analysis of e-cigarette cessation intention based on the PMT |
| Variables | E-cigarette cessation intention |
| Seven primary PMT sub-elements [Model 1, β (95%CI)] | |
| Severity | 0.14 (0.02, 0.26)** |
| Vulnerability | 0.12 (0.01, 0.23)** |
| Intrinsic rewards | -0.07 (-0.19, 0.05) |
| Extrinsic rewards | -0.12 (-0.22, -0.01)** |
| Response efficacy | 0.26 (0.16, 0.35)*** |
| Response cost | -0.01 (-0.10, 0.09) |
| Self-efficacy | 0.28 (0.20, 0.37)*** |
| Four perceptions [Model 2, β (95%CI)] | |
| Perceived threat | 0.26 (0.16, 0.36)*** |
| Perceived rewards | -0.19 (-0.31, -0.08)*** |
| Perceived efficacy | 0.54 (0.42, 0.66)*** |
| Perceived cost | -0.01 (-0.11, 0.08) |
| Two pathways [Model 3, β (95%CI)] | |
| Threat appraisal | 0.27 (0.20, 0.34)*** |
| Coping appraisal | 0.22 (0.14, 0.29)*** |
* * P < 0.01, * * * P < 0.001. PMT variables were analyzed in separate regression models: Model 1 included the seven primary PMT sub-elements; Model 2 included the four perceptions; Model 3 included the two pathways. The model adjusted for age, gender, marital status, education level, region and smoke cigarette. PMT, protection motivation theory. |
2.4 电子烟戒断行为的PTM影响因素分析结果
表4 基于PMT的电子烟戒断行为二元Logistic回归分析Table 4 Binary Logistic regression analysis of e-cigarette cessation behavior based on the PMT |
| Variables | E-cigarette cessation behavior |
| Seven primary PMT sub-elements [Model 1, OR (95%CI)] | |
| Severity | 1.58 (1.12, 2.23)*** |
| Vulnerability | 1.03 (0.76, 1.39) |
| Intrinsic rewards | 0.97 (0.70, 1.35) |
| Extrinsic rewards | 0.85 (0.63, 1.15) |
| Response efficacy | 1.00 (0.77, 1.31) |
| Response cost | 1.27 (0.96, 1.68) |
| Self-efficacy | 0.77 (0.59, 1.00) |
| Quitting intention | 2.16 (1.66, 2.81)*** |
| Four perceptions [Model 2, OR (95%CI)] | |
| Perceived threat | 1.60 (1.20, 2.14)*** |
| Perceived rewards | 0.84 (0.60, 1.16) |
| Perceived efficacy | 0.80 (0.56, 1.13) |
| Perceived cost | 1.32 (1.01, 1.73)** |
| Quitting intention | 2.13 (1.64, 2.77)*** |
| Two pathways[Model 3, OR (95%CI)] | |
| Threat appraisal | 1.41 (1.15, 1.72)*** |
| Coping appraisal | 0.76 (0.62, 0.94)** |
| Quitting intention | 2.21 (1.71, 2.84)*** |
The table notes are the same as Table 3. |
2.5 基于吸烟状况的电子烟戒断意愿的亚组分析
表5 不同吸烟状况下电子烟戒断意愿的亚组分析Table 5 Subgroup analysis of e-cigarette cessation intentions stratified by smoking cigarette |
| Variables | Exclusive e-cigarette users | Dual users |
| Seven primary PMT sub-elements (Model 1,β) | ||
| Severity | 0.03 | 0.21*** |
| Vulnerability | 0.14 | 0.10 |
| Intrinsic rewards | -0.11 | -0.05 |
| Extrinsic rewards | -0.06 | -0.13** |
| Response efficacy | 0.17** | 0.31*** |
| Response cost | 0.00 | -0.02 |
| Self-efficacy | 0.37*** | 0.23*** |
| Four perceptions (Model 2,β) | ||
| Perceived threat | 0.17* | 0.31*** |
| Perceived rewards | -0.19 | -0.19*** |
| Perceived efficacy | 0.53*** | 0.55*** |
| Perceived cost | -0.03 | -0.01 |
| Two pathways (Model 3,β) | ||
| Threat appraisal | 0.20*** | 0.31*** |
| Coping appraisal | 0.23*** | 0.21*** |
* P < 0.05; Other table notes are the same as Table 3. |
2.6 基于吸烟状况的电子烟戒断行为的亚组分析
表6 不同吸烟状况下电子烟戒断行为的亚组分析Table 6 Subgroup analysis of e-cigarette cessation behaviour stratified by smoking cigarette |
| Variables | Exclusive e-cigarette users | Dual users |
| Seven primary PMT sub-elements (Model 1, OR) | ||
| Severity | 2.18** | 1.40 |
| Vulnerability | 0.77 | 1.21 |
| Intrinsic rewards | 0.86 | 1.09 |
| Extrinsic rewards | 0.54 | 0.93 |
| Response efficacy | 1.30 | 0.90 |
| Response cost | 1.58 | 1.13 |
| Self-efficacy | 0.66 | 0.82 |
| Quitting intention | 2.10*** | 2.30*** |
| Four perceptions (Model 2, OR) | ||
| Perceived threat | 1.60 | 1.69*** |
| Perceived rewards | 0.52 | 1.01 |
| Perceived efficacy | 0.96 | 0.74 |
| Perceived cost | 1.70** | 1.14 |
| Quitting intention | 1.87*** | 2.30*** |
| Two pathways (Model 3, OR) | ||
| Threat appraisal | 1.72*** | 1.33** |
| Coping appraisal | 0.71 | 0.81 |
| Quitting intention | 1.96*** | 2.35*** |
The table notes are the same as Table 3. |
