论著

经尿道铥激光剜除术与电切术对前列腺增生术后患者性功能的影响:一项回顾性队列研究

  • 陈凯月 1, * ,
  • 于书慧 1, * ,
  • 韩佳凝 1 ,
  • 刘梓薇 1 ,
  • 马佳卉 2 ,
  • 张凯 1 ,
  • 孟一森 , 1, * ,
  • 车新艳 , 1, *
展开
  • 1. 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京 100034
  • 2. 北京大学第一医院麻醉科,北京 100034

*These authors contributed equally to this work

收稿日期: 2026-02-27

  网络出版日期: 2026-06-05

基金资助

研究型病房卓越临床研究计划(BRWEP2024W054070103)

中华人民共和国工业和信息化部与国家卫生健康委员会掺铥光纤激光治疗机推广应用项目(2024TGYY33)

中央高水平医院临床科研业务费(北京大学第一医院科研种子基金项目)(2024SF80)

中央高水平医院临床科研业务费(北京大学第一医院科研种子基金项目)(2025SF083)

版权

版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。

Impact of thulium laser enucleation of the prostate versus transurethral resection of the prostate on sexual function in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A retrospective cohort study

  • Kaiyue CHEN 1 ,
  • Shuhui YU 1 ,
  • Jianing HAN 1 ,
  • Ziwei LIU 1 ,
  • Jiahui MA 2 ,
  • Kai ZHANG 1 ,
  • Yisen MENG , 1, * ,
  • Xinyan CHE , 1, *
Expand
  • 1. Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
  • 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
MENG Yisen, e-mail,
CHE Xinyan, e-mail,

Received date: 2026-02-27

  Online published: 2026-06-05

Supported by

Clinical Research Program for Researching Hospital Wards(BRWEP2024W054070103)

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People' s Republic of China (MIIT) and National Health Commission of the People' s Republic of China (NHC) under the Thulium Fiber Laser Equipment Promotion and Application Project(2024TGYY33)

National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (Scientific Research Seed Fund of Peking University First Hospital)(2024SF80)

National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (Scientific Research Seed Fund of Peking University First Hospital)(2025SF083)

Copyright

All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited.

摘要

目的: 比较经尿道铥激光前列腺剜除术(thulium laser enucleation of the prostate,ThuLEP)与前列腺电切术(transurethral resection of the prostate,TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)对性功能的影响。方法: 采用回顾性队列方法,便利选取2022年1月至2023年12月在北京大学第一医院泌尿外科接受ThuLEP和TURP手术治疗的患者临床资料,采用倾向性评分法匹配两组术前基线数据。记录匹配后两组围手术期的手术时间、术中出血量、血红蛋白下降值、切除前列腺腺体重量、膀胱冲洗时间、留置导尿管时间及住院时间等指标,收集两组术前、术后1个月及12个月的相关指标。比较两组性功能指标和排尿改善指标,包括国际勃起功能指数-5(international index of erectile function,IIEF-5)评分、逆行射精发生率,以及国际前列腺症状评分(international prostate symptom score,IPSS)、生活质量评分(quality of life,QOL)。结果: 本研究倾向性匹配后共纳入ThuLEP组与TURP组各98例患者,术前两组患者在年龄、前列腺体积、IIEF-5评分、逆行射精发生率、IPSS、QOL等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明两组间具有可比性。在勃起功能方面,ThuLEP组和TURP组患者术后1个月、术后12个月的IIEF-5评分分布与术前相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1个月时ThuLEP组与TURP组的IIEF-5评分分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 但术后12个月时ThuLEP组重度勃起功能障碍发生率显著低于TURP组(Z=8.522,P=0.036)。在射精功能方面,ThuLEP组和TURP组在术后1个月和12个月时的逆行射精发生率与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且随着术后时间延长,两组逆行射精发生率均逐渐升高;术后1个月和12个月时,逆行射精发生率在ThuLEP组和TURP组间差异均无统计学意义(9.2% vs. 14.3%,Z=1.231,P=0.267;19.4% vs. 25.5%,Z=1.055,P=0.304)。两组手术时间、术中出血量、血红蛋白下降值、切除前列腺腺体重量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与TURP组相比,ThuLEP组住院时间更短(4 d vs. 5 d,P<0.001)、留置导尿管时间更短(3.67 d vs. 4.26 d,P=0.012),但膀胱冲洗时间更长(19.00 h vs. 16.68 h,P=0.001)。术后1个月及12个月的IPSS、QOL在两组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均较术前有显著改善。结论: ThuLEP和TURP均能改善患者的下尿路症状和排尿情况,ThuLEP在保护勃起功能、促进术后恢复方面更具潜在优势。

本文引用格式

陈凯月 , 于书慧 , 韩佳凝 , 刘梓薇 , 马佳卉 , 张凯 , 孟一森 , 车新艳 . 经尿道铥激光剜除术与电切术对前列腺增生术后患者性功能的影响:一项回顾性队列研究[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2026 , 58(4) : 762 -769 . DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2026.04.012

Abstract

Objective: To compare the effects of thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) on sexual function in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients who underwent ThuLEP or TURP at the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, between January 2022 and December 2023. Participants were recruited via convenience sampling. Propensity score matching (PSM) was subsequently employed to balance preoperative baseline characteristics between the two cohorts.Following propensity score matching, we conducted a comparative analysis of sexual function and voiding improvement metrics between the two cohorts. Sexual function was assessed using the international index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5) scores and the incidence of retrograde ejaculation. Voiding outcomes were evaluated based on the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), qua-lity of life (QOL) scores. Results: Following propensity score matching, the study included 98 patients in both the ThuLEP and the TURP groups. Preoperative comparisons between the two groups regarding age, prostate volume, IIEF-5 scores, incidence of retrograde ejaculation, IPSS, and QOL showed no statistically significant differences (P>0.05), indicating comparability between the groups. Regarding erectile function, postoperative IIEF-5 scores at 1 month and 12 months in both the ThuLEP and TURP groups did not differ significantly from preoperative scores (P>0.05). At 1 month postoperatively, there was no significant difference in IIEF-5 scores between the ThuLEP and TURP groups (P>0.05). At the 12-month postoperative follow-up, the incidence of severe erectile dysfunction was significantly lower in the ThuLEP group compared with the TURP group (Z=8.522, P=0.036). Regarding ejaculatory function, the incidence of retrograde ejaculation at 1 month and 12 months postoperatively in both the ThuLEP and TURP groups differed significantly from preoperative rates (P < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of retrograde ejaculation increased with time after surgery. At 1 month postoperatively, 9.2% of the ThuLEP group and 14.3% of the TURP group experienced retrograde ejaculation, which was not statistically different (Z=1.231, P=0.267). At 12 months postoperatively, the incidence of retrograde ejaculation in the ThuLEP and TURP groups was 19.4% and 25.5%, respectively, also showing no significant difference (Z=1.055, P=0.304). In terms of surgical parameters, comparisons of operative time, intraoperative blood loss, decrease in hemoglobin levels, and weight of resected prostate tissue between the ThuLEP and TURP groups revealed no significant differences (P>0.05). However, compared with the TURP group, the ThuLEP group had a shorter hospital stay (4 d vs. 5 d, P < 0.001) and shorter duration of indwelling urinary catheterization (3.67 d vs. 4.26 d, P=0.012), although bladder irrigation time was longer (19.00 h vs. 16.68 h, P=0.001). At 1 month and 12 months postoperatively, there were no significant differences between the two groups in IPSS, QOL metrics (P>0.05); how- ever, all these parameters showed significant improvement compared with preoperative values. Conclusion: While both ThuLEP and TURP effectively alleviate lower urinary tract symptoms and improve voiding parameters, ThuLEP offers distinct advantages in safeguarding erectile potency and facilitating accelerated postoperative recovery.

良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)是引起中老年男性下尿路症状最常见的疾病,其患病率随着年龄的增长而增加,60岁以上人群患病率约50%,80岁以上可达80%,严重影响生活质量[1-2]。经尿道前列腺电切术(transurethral resection of the prostate,TURP)历来被视为BPH手术治疗的“基石”,但其术后并发症与男性性功能障碍发生率均较高——勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)发生率为3.4%~32%,射精功能障碍(ejaculatory dysfunction,EjD)发生率为53%~73%[2-4]。术后ED和逆行射精(retrograde ejaculation,RE)可显著降低患者的生活质量。
随着男性预期寿命的延长,在治疗BPH时,保护患者的性功能与改善排尿功能同样重要。近年来,保护BPH患者术后性功能的研究被国内外广泛关注。铥激光前列腺剜除术(thulium laser enucleation of the prostate,ThuLEP)因其精准的组织切割能力、良好的止血效果正逐步取代TURP[2, 5]。已有研究表明,ThuLEP的疗效与TURP相当,且其出血量少、留置导尿管时间和住院时间都更短[6-7],但关于这两种术式对男性性功能的影响是否存在差异,目前仍有争议。基于此,本研究比较了ThuLEP和TURP治疗BPH对患者性功能的影响,以进一步探讨这两种术式在此方面的潜在优势。

1 资料与方法

1.1 临床资料

本研究为回顾性队列研究,经北京大学第一医院临床研究伦理委员会审批(批准号:2022[526]),于2022年1月至2023年12月在泌尿外科连续性收集行择期手术的BPH患者308例。纳入标准:(1)术前诊断为BPH;(2)存在外科手术的绝对或相对指征;(3)临床资料完整。排除标准:(1)神经源性膀胱;(2)既往有前列腺手术史;(3)前列腺癌或膀胱癌;(4)凝血功能障碍。所有合并高血压、糖尿病或冠心病等内科疾病的患者均需控制到符合围手术期要求。TURP和ThuLEP各由一名工作经验丰富的手术医生完成。
308例患者中121例接受了TURP术,187例接受了ThuLEP术。根据排除标准,排除5例既往前列腺手术史、7例合并前列腺癌或膀胱癌、2例凝血功能障碍、24例临床资料不完整患者,共有270例患者纳入分析,其中TURP组104例,ThuLEP组166例。为减少基线不平衡患者之间的偏差,采用1 ∶ 2最近邻匹配法进行匹配,通过多因素Logistic回归估计倾向性匹配分值,混杂协变量包括前列腺体积、国际前列腺症状评分(international prostate symptom score,IPSS)和生活质量评分(quality of life,QOL),卡钳值为0.02。匹配后,TURP组和ThuLEP组各纳入98例患者。

1.2 手术方法

1.2.1 ThuLEP

设置铥光纤激光功率为80 W,采用“分叶法”或“整叶法”进行操作。(1)“分叶法”:在精阜两侧切开黏膜,寻找外科包膜平面;根据中叶是否肥大,先于膀胱口5点、7点处或膀胱颈口6点处切开前列腺,再于膀胱颈口12点处切开前列腺;随后分别完整剜除前列腺的两侧叶和中叶。(2)“整叶法”:在精阜前方切开前列腺,以前列腺轮廓为标志画圆。左侧叶采用隧道法,先在3点方向定位膀胱颈,再以膀胱颈为标志向12点和6点方向扩展,越过中线;在标志圆内离断尖部,向前方汇合,游离并完整剜除整个左侧叶。右侧叶同样采用隧道法,先在9点方向定位膀胱颈,再以膀胱颈为标志向12点和6点方向扩展,与对侧汇合;在标志圆内离断尖部,完成整块前列腺剜除。两种方法剜除后均对创面进行止血处理,并将剜除的腺体粉碎。

1.2.2 单级TURP

设置电切功率为120 W,电凝功率为70 W。按照中叶、两侧叶及前列腺尖部的顺序切除腺体,切除范围始终以膀胱颈和精阜为标志,切除深度至前列腺包膜层。切除后对创面进行电凝止血,并使用冲洗器将切除的前列腺组织吸出。

1.2.3 术后处理

手术结束时,所有切除的前列腺组织均行组织病理学检查。两种手术均在手术结束后留置20F(1F≈0.33 mm)三腔导尿管,持续进行膀胱冲洗,直至血尿充分减少时停止冲洗。

1.3 监测指标

1.3.1 术前指标

术前指标包括患者基本信息、前列腺体积、术前前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)、最大尿流率(maximum flow rate,Qmax)、残余尿量(post-void residual,PVR)、IPSS、QOL、国际勃起功能指数-5(international index of erectile function,IIEF-5)评分。其中IPSS评分是目前国际公认的判断BPH患者症状严重程度的最佳手段,包括排尿不尽感、排尿间隔是否小于2 h、是否间断排尿等7个症状,每项分值0~5分,总分0~35分(0~7分为轻度,8~19分为中度,20~35分为重度)[8]。QOL评分范围为0~6,分值越低生活质量越好。勃起功能采用IIEF-5评分,包括维持勃起的能力、性满意度等5个维度,每个维度的评分范围为0~5分,总分25分;将IIEF-5评分≥22分定义为无ED,<22分定义为ED(<7分为重度、8~11分为中度、12~21分为轻度)[9]。射精功能采用RE发生率作为衡量指标,通过询问患者“是否有精液从尿道排出”或“是否感觉精液进入膀胱”,判断患者是否存在RE。

1.3.2 围手术期指标

记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、血红蛋白下降值、切除前列腺腺体重量、膀胱冲洗时间、留置导尿管时间及住院时间。

1.3.3 随访指标

术后1个月和12个月进行主观问卷评分,包括IPSS、QOL、IIEF-5评分和RE发生情况,大部分患者因术后恢复良好而未进一步行Qmax和PVR检查。

1.4 统计学分析

采用SPSS 27.0统计软件进行分析。正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差表示,偏态分布的计量资料以M(P25P75)表示,计数资料以例数(%)表示。连续性变量的组间比较采用两独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验,计数资料的组间比较采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验;采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验进行组内比较(等级资料属于非参数据)。双侧检验,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 基线资料

ThuLEP组和TURP组患者在年龄、前列腺体积、Qmax、PVR、PSA以及术前IPSS、QOL、IIEF-5、RE发生率等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表 1),表明两组患者之间具有可比性。
表1 ThuLEP组和TURP组患者的基线资料

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of ThuLEP group and TURP group

Items TURP (n=98) ThuLEP (n=98) Statistical value P value
Age/years, $\bar x \pm s$ 68.04±6.98 68.62±7.07 -0.580 0.563
Prostate size/mL, $\bar x \pm s$ 98.85±42.38 96.16±46.12 0.426 0.671
Qmax/(mL/s), $\bar x \pm s$ 8.21±3.43 7.97±3.74 0.474 0.636
PVR/mL, M (P25, P75) 74.53 (19.00, 88.10) 74.53 (25.50, 74.53) -0.111 0.911
PSA/(μg/L), M (P25, P75) 4.01 (2.13, 7.82) 4.37 (2.24, 7.82) -0.325 0.745
IPSS, $\bar x \pm s$ 25.51±8.62 27.02±8.49 -1.236 0.218
QOL, $\bar x \pm s$ 4.95±1.09 5.16±1.01 -1.428 0.155
IIEF-5, n(%) 2.057 0.561
  No ED 5 (5.1) 2 (2.0)
  Mild and moderate ED 37 (37.8) 39 (39.8)
  Severe ED 11 (11.2) 15 (15.3)
  Asexual activity 45 (45.9) 42 (42.9)
RE, n(%) 3.047 0.081
  Yes 3 (3.1) 0 (0)
  No 95 (96.9) 98 (100.0)

ThuLEP, thulium laser enucleation of the prostate; TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate; Qmax, maximum flow rate; PVR, post-void resi-dual; PSA, prostate specific antigen; IPSS, international prostate symptom score; QOL, quality of life; IIEF-5, international index of erectile function; ED, erectile dysfunction; RE, retrograde ejaculation.

2.2 围手术期指标

ThuLEP组和TURP组患者手术时间、切除前列腺腺体重量、术中出血量、血红蛋白下降值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与TURP组相比,ThuLEP组的中位住院时间更短(4 d vs. 5 d,P<0.001),平均留置导尿管时间更短(3.67 d vs. 4.26 d,P=0.012),但平均膀胱冲洗时间更长(19.00 h vs. 16.68 h,P=0.001,表 2)。
表2 ThuLEP组和TURP组患者围手术期指标

Table 2 Perioperative metrics of ThuLEP group and TURP group

Items TURP (n=98) ThuLEP (n=98) Statistical value P value
Operative time/min, $\bar x \pm s$ 60.33±28.91 64.53±29.91 -1.036 0.320
Resected prostate weight/g, $\bar x \pm s$ 50.35±25.34 47.71±22.50 0.770 0.442
Intraoperative blood loss/mL, M (P25, P75) 0.0 (5.0, 22.5) 0.0 (5.0, 50.0) -0.584 0.559
Hemoglobin decrease/(g/L),$\bar x \pm s$ 16.75±11.86 15.44±9.83 0.842 0.401
Hospital stay/d, M (P25, P75) 5 (5, 5) 4 (4, 5) -4.789 <0.001
Cathererization time/d, $\bar x \pm s$ 4.26±1.71 3.67±1.50 2.531 0.012
Bladder irrigation time/h, $\bar x \pm s$ 16.68±3.81 19.00±5.89 -3.268 0.001

ThuLEP, thulium laser enucleation of the prostate; TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate.

2.3 术后指标比较

术后1个月和12个月时,ThuLEP组和TURP组IPSS、QOL均较基线有明显改善:术后12个月时ThuLEP组IPSS约下降24分,TURP组IPSS约下降21分,两组QOL均提升4分左右(表 13)。
表3 ThuLEP组和TURP组患者术后1个月和12个月的随访资料

Table 3 Postoperative 1-month and 12-month follow-up data of ThuLEP group and TURP group

Items 1-month postoperative follow-up
TURP (n=98) ThuLEP (n=98) Statistical value P value
IPSS, $\bar x \pm s$ 4.99±4.08 4.80±4.33 0.323 0.747
QOL, M (P25, P75) 5.00 (4.00, 6.00) 6.00 (4.00, 6.00) -1.343 0.179
IIEF-5, n(%) 5.024 0.170
  No ED 7 (7.1) 8 (8.2)
  Mild and moderate ED 22 (22.4) 15 (15.3)
  Severe ED 16 (16.3) 28 (28.6)
  Asexual activity 53 (54.1) 47 (48.0)
RE, n(%) 1.231 0.267
  Yes 14 (14.3) 9 (9.2)
  No 84 (85.7) 89 (90.8)
Items 12-month postoperative follow-up
TURP (n=98) ThuLEP (n=98) Statistical value P value
IPSS, $\bar x \pm s$ 3.95±3.95 3.64±3.70 0.560 0.576
QOL, M (P25, P75) 1.00 (0.00, 1.37) 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) -0.489 0.625
IIEF-5, n(%) 8.522 0.036
  No ED 8 (8.2) 12 (12.2)
  Mild and moderate ED 29 (29.6) 30 (30.6)
  Severe ED 16 (16.3) 4 (4.1)
  Asexual activity 45 (45.9) 52 (53.1)
RE, n(%) 1.055 0.304
  Yes 25 (25.5) 19 (19.4)
  No 73 (74.5) 79 (80.6)

TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate; ThuLEP, thulium laser enucleation of the prostate; IPSS, international prostate symptom score; QOL, quality of life; IIEF-5, international index of erectile function; ED, erectile dysfunction; RE, retrograde ejaculation.

关于勃起功能,术后1个月和12个月时ThuLEP组与TURP组IIEF-5评分分布与基线比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表 45)。术后1个月时两组间IIEF-5评分分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后12个月时差异有统计学意义(Z=8.522,P=0.036),ThuLEP组重度ED发生率低于TURP组(4.1% vs. 16.3%,表 3)。
表4 ThuLEP组不同时间点IIEF-5评分和RE率的配对比较

Table 4 Paired comparisons of IIEF-5 scores and RE rate at different time points in the ThuLEP group

Items Baseline 1 month after surgery 12 months after surgery Baseline vs. 1 month after surgery Baseline vs. 12 months after surgery 1 month after surgery vs. 12 months after surgery
Z P Z P Z P
IIEF-5,n(%) -1.875 0.061 -0.074 0.941 -1.686 0.092
  No ED 2 (2.0) 8 (8.2) 12 (12.2)
  Mild and moderate ED 39 (39.8) 15 (15.3) 30 (30.6)
  Severe ED 15 (15.3) 28 (28.6) 4 (4.1)
  Asexual activity 42 (42.9) 47 (48.0) 52 (53.1)
RE, n(%) -3.000 0.003 -4.359 <0.001 -2.132 0.033
  Yes 0 (0) 9 (9.2) 19 (19.4)
  No 98 (100) 89 (90.8) 79 (80.6)

ThuLEP, thulium laser enucleation of the prostate; IIEF-5, international index of erectile function; ED, erectile dysfunction; RE, retrograde ejaculation.

表5 TURP组不同时间点IIEF-5评分和RE率的配对比较

Table 5 Paired comparisons of IIEF-5 scores and RE rate at different time points in the TURP group

Items Baseline 1 month after surgery 12 months after surgery Baseline vs. 1 month after surgery Baseline vs. 12 months after surgery 1 month after surgery vs. 12 months after surgery
Z P Z P Z P
IIEF-5, n(%) -1.630 0.103 -0.261 0.794 -1.217 0.224
  No ED 5 (5.1) 7 (7.1) 8 (8.2)
  Mild and moderate ED 37 (37.8) 22 (22.4) 29 (29.6)
  Severe ED 11 (11.2) 16 (16.3) 16 (16.3)
  Asexual activity 45 (45.9) 53 (54.1) 45 (45.9)
RE, n(%) -2.840 0.005 -4.491 <0.001 -2.200 0.028
  Yes 3 (3.1) 14 (14.3) 25 (25.5)
  No 95 (96.9) 84 (85.7) 73 (74.5)

TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate; IIEF-5, international index of erectile function; ED, erectile dysfunction; RE, retrograde ejaculation.

关于射精功能,ThuLEP组和TURP组在术后1个月和12个月时的RE发生率与基线比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,表 45),且同种术式的RE发生率随术后时间延长而逐渐升高。术后1个月时,9.2%的ThuLEP组和14.3%的TURP组患者存在RE,组间差异无统计学意义(Z=1.231,P=0.267);术后12个月时,两组的RE发生率分别为19.4%和25.5%,组间差异亦无统计学意义(Z=1.055,P=0.304,表 3)。

3 讨论

虽然TURP长期以来一直被认为是BPH的标准治疗方法,但它在处理大体积(>80 mL)BPH时存在一定的局限性,并且与更高的并发症风险有关,如冲洗液吸收过度、尿道狭窄、ED和EjD等[10-12]。铥激光作为一种新型医用激光,在用于BPH治疗时,相比传统手术具有更低的出血风险、更短的恢复时间和更高的安全性等优势,更适合治疗大体积的BPH,此外,铥激光热损伤深度<0.2 mm,理论上对勃起功能的影响较小,这些特点使ThuLEP成为更为理想的BPH治疗选择[13-15]。已有研究表明,ThuLEP是一种长期安全、有效的BPH治疗方法,其效果与TURP相当,同时学习曲线更短[16-18]。因此,ThuLEP已被《中国泌尿外科和男科疾病诊断治疗指南》、欧洲泌尿外科协会(European Association of Urology,EAU)和美国泌尿外科协会(American Urological Association,AUA)指南推荐作为大体积BPH患者外科治疗的首选手术方案[2-3, 19]
本研究表明,在勃起功能方面,ThuLEP组和TURP组患者术后1个月和12个月的IIEF-5评分分布与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。这与一项meta分析结果相似[20],分析其原因可能为下尿路症状的缓解改善了ED,从而抵消了手术操作本身造成的ED[21],导致ThuLEP和TURP对勃起功能没有产生显著负面影响这一假象的出现。术后1个月的IIEF-5评分分布在ThuLEP组和TURP组患者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在术后12个月两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ThuLEP组重度ED发生率更低,表明ThuLEP对勃起功能的改善程度优于TURP,与多项研究结论一致[6, 16, 22]。其原因为TURP术中所采用的电切技术可能产生较明显的热损伤,从而影响前列腺周围海绵体神经及血管结构,进而不利于术后勃起功能的恢复;而铥激光波长约为2 μm,接近水分子的吸收峰值,其能量可被生物组织中的水分子高效吸收。ThuLEP正是利用铥激光精准切割和良好止血的特点,实现对增生前列腺组织的高效剜除;同时,其组织穿透深度可低至0.1 mm,在切割和止血过程中能够最大限度减少热穿透效应,较好地保留前列腺包膜完整性,并减少对周围神经和血管结构的损伤。这种更高的操作精确性有助于保护与性功能相关的神经血管束,从而降低术后ED,尤其是重度ED的发生风险[23]。此外,新型铥激光技术可同时采用连续波和脉冲波模式,使术者能够根据术中情况灵活调整能量输出,进一步优化手术效果[15, 24]。由于ThuLEP的热效应较浅,对于术前勃起功能已处于临界状态的患者,可能有助于避免其术后进一步向重度ED恶化,这使得ThuLEP在促进患者勃起功能恢复方面展现出一定优势。
射精功能显著影响患者的生活质量,是患者预后判断的重要参数之一。本研究表明,在射精功能方面,两组患者术后1个月和12个月的RE发生率与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且发生率随着时间推移呈上升趋势。值得注意的是,这一结果与Dalton等[24]报告的RE发生率随随访时间延长而逐渐降低的结论是相反的,这可能与患者术后短期内出于对手术恢复和术后并发症等情况的担心和顾虑有关,多数患者术后1个月内尚未恢复性生活,无法发现是否存在ED及RE现象;随着术后时间延长,性生活恢复,RE才得以被观察到,从而导致12个月时的RE发生率高于术后1个月。其中,ThuLEP术后12个月的RE发生率为19.4%,与一项系统综述结果相近[25],而TURP术后12个月的RE发生率为25.5%,低于文献报道的53%~73%[2, 4],这可能与术者操作精细、注重保护精阜及膀胱颈结构有关。另外,两组患者术后1个月和12个月的RE发生率组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在同一随访时间点,ThuLEP组患者RE发生率低于TURP组,这可能与铥激光的精准切割能最大限度保护前列腺包膜外的神经血管束,减少对射精功能的影响有关。在各种治疗BPH的方法中,射精功能的保护一直是泌尿外科研究的焦点,尽管RE的机制尚未完全阐明,但目前认为其可能的原因在于手术破坏了膀胱颈的完整性,造成尿道内括约肌收缩功能障碍,在射精引起的后尿道压力增高时无法关闭膀胱颈部,最终导致精液逆流入膀胱。由于BPH在大多数情况并不危及生命,其疗效的判断不仅是下尿路症状的缓解和排尿参数的改善,还应包括术后的生活质量,因此对于关注术后生活质量的患者,ThuLEP可能会成为临床医生优先考虑的手术方式。
本研究结果显示,ThuLEP组与TURP组患者在手术时间、切除前列腺腺体重量、术中出血量及血红蛋白下降值方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明两种术式的疗效及安全性相当。然而,ThuLEP组患者的住院时间和留置导尿管时间明显少于TURP组(P<0.05),这与既往meta分析结果一致[6, 24]。我们认为,ThuLEP止血能力较强,能够提供清晰的手术视野,使得外科操作能够在几乎无血视野下进行,且组织穿透深度较浅,热损伤影响较低,可能更利于沿外科包膜进行精准而彻底的剜除,明显减少了周围组织的损伤、水肿和瘢痕的形成,降低了术后患者拔除尿管后出现的排尿困难和再次留置尿管的可能性,从而缩短了住院时间和术后恢复时间。尽管如此,ThuLEP的膀胱冲洗时间较TURP长,这一点在临床实践中需加以关注。
本研究收集了行ThuLEP和TURP患者术后1个月和12个月的资料,发现两种术式在术后同一随访时间点IPSS、QOL差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),且均较术前明显改善,表明无论TURP还是ThuLEP,在缓解下尿路症状和改善排尿功能方面效果相当,均具有显著的临床疗效,与其他研究结论一致[5, 16]
本研究为单中心回顾性研究,存在选择偏倚、样本量小、缺乏长期随访以及未按术前性功能评分进行亚组分析的局限。未来需开展多中心、长期随访研究,并进一步使用标准化性功能问卷对患者进行分层,根据术前性功能状态进行亚组分析,以系统比较ThuLEP与TURP对性功能的影响及长期疗效。
综上所述,尽管ThuLEP与TURP治疗BPH均具有良好的疗效,能够改善患者的下尿路症状和排尿情况,但临床中仍应加强医患沟通,术前需明确告知患者两种术式在术后对性功能可能存在的差异化影响。ThuLEP在部分围手术期恢复指标和术后勃起功能恢复方面较TURP显示出一定的优势,但尚不足以证实其具有明确的性功能保护优势,仍需进一步研究验证。

利益冲突  所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献声明  车新艳、孟一森、张凯:提出研究思路;车新艳、孟一森、陈凯月、于书慧:设计研究方案;韩佳凝、刘梓薇、马佳卉:收集、分析、整理数据;车新艳、孟一森、陈凯月、于书慧:撰写论文,总体把关和审定论文。所有作者均参与论文修改,并对最终文稿进行审读和确认。

1
Launer BM , McVary KT , Ricke WA , et al. The rising worldwide impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia[J]. BJU Int, 2021, 127(6): 722- 728.

DOI

2
Sandhu JS , Bixler BR , Dahm P , et al. Management of lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): AUA guideline amendment 2023[J]. J Urol, 2024, 211(1): 11- 19.

DOI

3
EAU guidelines on the management of non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)[EB/OL]. (2026-03)[2026-03- 24]. https://uroweb.org/guidelines/management-of-non-neurogenic-male-luts/publications-appendices.

4
Rassweiler J , Teber D , Kuntz R , et al. Complications of trans-urethral resection of the prostate (TURP): Incidence, management, and prevention[J]. Eur Urol, 2006, 50(5): 969- 980.

DOI

5
Hashim H , Worthington J , Abrams P , et al. Thulium laser trans-urethral vaporesection of the prostate versus transurethral resection of the prostate for men with lower urinary tract symptoms or urinary retention (UNBLOCS): A randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2020, 396(10243): 50- 61.

DOI

6
Li B , Hao L , Pang K , et al. Assessment of sexual outcomes in patients undergoing thulium laser prostate surgery for management of benign prostate hyperplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sex Med, 2022, 10(2): 100483.

DOI

7
Liu Y , Cheng Y , Zhuo L , et al. Impact on sexual function of endoscopic enucleation vs. transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Endourol, 2020, 34(10): 1064- 1074.

DOI

8
Dun RL , Mao JM , Yu C , et al. Simplified Chinese version of the international prostate symptom score and the benign prostatic hyperplasia impact index: Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia[J]. Prostate Int, 2022, 10(3): 162- 168.

DOI

9
曾令彭, 李杨, 李向阳, 等. 勃起功能障碍和下尿路症状在良性前列腺增生患者中的合并发生率及危险因素分析[J]. 中华男科学杂志, 2024, 30(2): 139- 144.

10
Bulai CA , Multescu RD , Geavlete PA , et al. The impact of trans-urethral enucleation therapeutic approach in all-size benign prosta-tic obstruction pathology: From contemporary technological advances to evidence-based clinical progresses[J]. Diagnostics (Basel), 2025, 15(4): 416.

DOI

11
Porto JG , Bhatia AM , Bhat A , et al. Evaluating transurethral resection of the prostate over twenty years: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials[J]. World J Urol, 2024, 42(1): 639.

DOI

12
Bearelly P , Avellino GJ . The role of benign prostatic hyperplasia treatments in ejaculatory dysfunction[J]. Fertil Steril, 2021, 116(3): 611- 617.

DOI

13
Spirito L , Capra M , Sciorio C , et al. Long-term functional outcomes and predictors of efficacy in thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): A retrospective observational study[J]. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 2024, 35(3): 169- 174.

DOI

14
兰孝达, 车新艳, 韩佳凝, 等. 脉冲波铥光纤激光剜除术在前列腺增生治疗中的应用[J]. 中华泌尿外科杂志, 2024, 45(5): 372- 378.

15
Becker B , Netsch C , Bozzini G , et al. Reasons to go for thulium-based anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate[J]. World J Urol, 2021, 39(7): 2363- 2374.

DOI

16
Dhirubhai Tadha A , Sarkar D , Kumar Pal D . A prospective, randomized study comparing the outcome after thulium laser enucleation of the prostate with conventional monopolar TURP for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia[J]. Urol Res Pract, 2024, 50(1): 42- 46.

DOI

17
Manfredi C , Napolitano L , Ditonno F , et al. Long-term functional outcomes and surgical retreatment after thulium laser enucleation of the prostate: A 10-year follow-up study[J]. Int Braz J Urol, 2024, 50(3): 309- 318.

DOI

18
左超, 杨昆霖, 李志存, 等. "双沟双环法"经尿道铥激光前列腺剜除术单一术者学习曲线分析[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2023, 103(20): 1563- 1567.

19
中华医学会泌尿外科学分会激光学组, 微创学组, 尿控学组. 经尿道激光前列腺剜除术热点问题中国专家共识[J]. 中华泌尿外科杂志, 2024, 45(7): 489- 496.

20
Manfredi C , García-Gómez B , Arcaniolo D , et al. Impact of surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia on sexual function: A syste-matic review and meta-analysis of erectile function and ejaculatory function[J]. Eur Urol Focus, 2022, 8(6): 1711- 1732.

DOI

21
Al Demour SH , Abuhamad M , Santarisi AN , et al. The effect of transurethral resection of the prostate on erectile and ejaculatory functions in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia[J]. Urol Int, 2022, 106(10): 997- 1004.

DOI

22
Mishra J , Choudhury S , Sinha S , et al. Assessment of prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients having lower urinary tract symptoms with benign prostatic hyperplasia and effect of various treatment modalities on sexual function[J]. Urologia, 2024, 91(4): 715- 719.

DOI

23
Bozzini G , Berti L , Maltagliati M , et al. Ejaculation-sparing thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ES-ThuLEP): Outcomes on a large cohort[J]. World J Urol, 2021, 39(6): 2029- 2035.

DOI

24
Dalton DC , Shelton TM , Rivera M . Laser technology advancements in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy[J]. Curr Urol Rep, 2024, 25(4): 71- 78.

DOI

25
Guldibi F , Altunhan A , Aydın A , et al. What is the effect of laser anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate on the ejaculatory functions? A systematic review[J]. World J Urol, 2023, 41(12): 3493- 3501.

DOI

文章导航

/