1 资料与方法
1.1 数据来源与研究对象
1.2 RNA-seq表达数据获取与预处理
1.3 ERBB2表达差异分析及临床相关性评估
1.4 生存分析与Cox回归模型
1.5 差异表达基因筛选
1.6 功能富集分析及单基因基因集富集分析
1.7 ERBB2与免疫检查点分子相关性分析
1.8 人类蛋白图谱数据库免疫组织化学验证及RT-qPCR实验验证
1.9 统计学分析
2 结果
2.1 ERBB2在TCGA-BLCA队列中的表达特征及临床相关性
图1 ERBB2在TCGA-BLCA队列中的表达特征及临床相关性分析Figure 1 Expression characteristics and clinicopathological relevance of ERBB2 in the TCGA-BLCA cohort A, differential expression of ERBB2 between normal bladder tissues and tumor tissues; B, differences in ERBB2 expression among different AJCC pathological stages(*P < 0.05); C, differences in ERBB2 expression among different tumor grades; D, ROC curve analysis of ERBB2 for distinguishing tumor tissues from normal tissues. FPKM, fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads; ERBB2, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; BLCA, bladder urothelial carcinoma; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; ROC, receiver operating cha-racteristic; AUC, area under curve. |
2.2 HPA数据库及RT-qPCR验证ERBB2在BLCA中的表达上调
图2 ERBB2在BLCA肿瘤组织中的蛋白及mRNA水平验证Figure 2 Validation of ERBB2 protein and mRNA expression levels in BLCA A, representative immunohistochemical staining images of ERBB2 in BLCA neoplastic tissues and normal bladder urothelium from the HPA database(DAB chromogen with hematoxylin counterstaining); B, validation of relative ERBB2 mRNA expression levels in normal and tumor tissues by RT-qPCR(*P < 0.05). ERBB2, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; BLCA, bladder urothelial carcinoma; HPA, Human Protein Atlas; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative PCR. |
2.3 ERBB2表达与BLCA患者总体生存预后的关系
图3 ERBB2表达与BLCA患者总体生存的关系及Cox回归分析Figure 3 Association between ERBB2 expression and overall survival in patients with bladder cancer, and Cox regression analyses A, Kaplan-Meier overall survival curves stratified by the median ERBB2 expression level; B, Kaplan-Meier overall survival curves stratified by the optimal cutoff value of ERBB2 expression; C, univariate Cox regression analysis of the association between ERBB2 expression, clinical variables, and overall survival; D, multivariate Cox regression analysis of the association between ERBB2 expression, clinical variables, and overall survival. ERBB2, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; BLCA, bladder urothelial carcinoma. |
2.4 ERBB2高表达和低表达相关差异基因及功能富集分析
图4 ERBB2相关差异表达基因的功能富集分析Figure 4 Functional enrichment analysis of ERBB2 -related differentially expressed genes A, volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between the ERBB2 high-expression and low-expression groups; B, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes; C, GO biological process enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes; D, GSEA based on ERBB2 expression groups, showing representative enriched pathways. ERBB2, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; GO, gene ontology; GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis; IL, interleukin; PI3K/AKT, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B; ECM, extracellular matrix; JAK-STAT, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; NES, normalized enrichment score; FDR, false discovery rate; GeneRatio, the ratio of enriched genes annotated to a given pathway or biological process; Adj.P, adjusted P; Not sig., not significant. |
2.5 ERBB2表达与免疫检查点分子的相关性分析
图5 ERBB2表达与免疫检查点分子的相关分析Figure 5 Correlation analysis between ERBB2 expression and immune checkpoint molecules A, comparison of the expression levels of major immune checkpoint genes between the ERBB2 high-expression and low-expression groups (* *P < 0.01, * * *P < 0.001); B, correlation analysis between ERBB2 expression and CD274 expression; C, correlation analysis between ERBB2 expression and CTLA4 expression. ERBB2, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; TPM, transcripts per million. |
