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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 227-233. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.02.006

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Palmitoylome profiling indicates that androgens promote the palmitoylation of metabolism-related proteins in prostate cancer-derived LNCaP cells

Wen-qing LI1,Si-mei REN2,3,△(),Xing-bo LONG3,4,Yu-qing TIAN1   

  1. 1. The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
    2. National Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
    3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
    4. Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2019-12-10 Online:2020-04-18 Published:2020-04-18
  • Contact: Si-mei REN E-mail:rensimei4162@bjhmoh.cn
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81670161);Beijing Hospital Initial Foundation for Doctors(BJ2015-105)

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Abstract:

Objective: To explore potential therapeutic targets other than androgen-deprivation treatment for prostate cancer by screening the proteins induced by androgen at palmitoylation modification level in LNCaP cells.Methods: The LNCaP cells were treated with androgen (Methyltrienolone, R1881, 5 nmol/L) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 24 h, and then labeled with alkynyl palmitic acid Alk-C16 (100 μmol/L). After that, the cells were collected, lysed, the total protein was extracted, agarose beads labeled with azide (1 mmol/L) were added, and the click-chemistry reaction was carried out at room temperature for 1 h. The covalent bond formed by click-chemistry reaction of azide and alkynyl group was used to enrich the palmitoylated proteins on agarose beads. Label-free quantitation (LFQ) was used to compare the protein palmitoylation level of R1881 treated and untreated cells to screen the proteins induced by androgen at palmitoylation modification level.Results: In this experiment, 907 potential palmitoylated proteins (mascot score>2, P<0.05) were identified, among which 430 proteins had LFQ values not zero at least twice. Among the 430 proteins, the palmitoylation levels of 92 candidates were increased by androgen treatment, and their LFQ values were significantly upregulated (>1.5-fold, P<0.05) in ≥2 samples of androgen-treated vs. untreated LNCaP cells. We also used the software of cytoscape to classify the 92 proteins, and found that the known functional proteins of them could be divided into three categories: metabolism related, protein folding related and translation initiation related. Among them, metabolism related proteins included lipid metabolism (6), glucose metabolism (7) and respiratory electron transport chain (8), and a small amount of amino acid metabolism (2) and other metabolism related proteins (2). Notably, the ratio of LFQ of cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2 (UQCRC2) was significantly (>3-fold, P<0.05) higher in androgen-treated cells compared with untreated cells, indicating that the palmitoylation level of UQCRC2 was enhanced by androgen most significantly than that of others. The second was long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (ACADVL) related to lipid metabolism and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (PGD) related to glucose metabolism, but the LFQ ratio of them was less than 3-fold.Conclusion: The research on palmitoylation mechanism of metabolism, especially the proteins related to respiratory electron transport chain, will provide a new guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer and the development of targeted drugs.

Key words: Prostate cancer, Androgen, Palmitoylation, Metabolism

CLC Number: 

  • R737.25

Figure 1

A schematic overview of screening of androgen-induced palmitoylated proteins"

Figure 2

Functional network of androgen-induced palmitoylated proteins in LNCaP cells Protein interaction network presenting the functions of androgen-induced palmitoylated proteins in metabolism, protein folding and translational initiation."

Figure 3

Androgen promoted the palmitoylation levels of metabolism-related proteins in LNCaP cells The numerical data of each group were presented as the mean ± standard deviation. The significant differences were analyzed using a paired student's t-test. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. *P<0.05; # P<0.01."

Figure 4

Androgen increased the palmitoylation level of UQCRC2 in LNCaP cellsPalm, palmitoylation; HAM, hydroxylamine; IP, immunoprecipitation; IB, immunoblotting; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide."

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