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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4): 722-728. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.04.028

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Relationship between lipid metabolism molecules in plasma and carotid atheroscle-rotic plaques, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and dietary factors

Jing HE1,2,Zhongze FANG3,Ying YANG4,Jing LIU5,Wenyao MA2,Yong HUO4,Wei GAO6,Yangfeng WU1,2,7,8,Gaoqiang XIE1,2,7,8,*()   

  1. 1. Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
    2. Clinical Research Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    3. College of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
    4. Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
    5. Center of Clinical and Epidemiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
    6. Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
    7. Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
    8. State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2021-06-11 Online:2024-08-18 Published:2024-07-23
  • Contact: Gaoqiang XIE E-mail:gxie@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30872168);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473044)

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Abstract:

Objective: To explore the relationship between lipid metabolism molecules in plasma and carotid atherosclerotic plaques, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and possible dietary related factors. Methods: Firstly, among 1 312 community people from those who participated in a 10-year follow-up study of subclinical atherosclerosis cohort in Shijingshan District, Beijing, 85 individuals with 2 or more carotid soft plaques or mixed plaques and 89 healthy individuals without plaques were selected according to the inclusive and the exclusive criteria (< 70 years, not having clinical cardiovascular disease and other diseases, etc.). Secondly, 10 cases and 10 controls were randomly selected in the above 85 and 89 individuals respectively. Carotid plaques were detected using GE Vivid i Ultrasound Machine with 8L detector. Lipid metabolism molecules were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The detection indexes included 113 lipid metabolism molecules. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were collected by unified standard questionnaires, and dietary related factors were collected by main dietary frequency and weight scale. The difference of lipid metabolism molecules between the case group and the control group was analyzed by Wilcoxin rank test. In the control group, the Spearman correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between statistically significant lipid metabolism molecules and traditional cardiovascular risk factors and dietary factors. Results: Among the 113 lipid metabolism molecules, 53 lipid metabolism molecules were detected. C24:0 sphingomyelin (SM), C22:0/ C24:0 ceramide molecules, C18:0 phosphoethanolamine (PE) molecules, and C18:0/C18:2 (Cis) phosphatidylcholine (PC) were significantly higher in the carotid atherosclerotic plaque group than in the control group. The correlation analysis showed that C24:0 SM was significantly positively correlated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, r=0.636, P < 0.05), C18:2 (Cis) PC (DLPC) was significantly positively correlated with systolic pressure (r=0.733, P < 0.05), C18:0 PE was significantly positively correlated with high sensitivity C-response protein (r=0.782, P < 0.01), C22:0, C24:0 ceramide and C18:0 PE were negatively correlated with vegetable intake (r=-0.679, P < 0.05;r=-0.711, P < 0.05;r=-0.808, P < 0.01), C24:0 ceramide was also negatively correlated with beans food intake (r=-0.736, P < 0.05) in the control group. Conclusions: The increase of plasma C24:0 SM, C22:0, C24:0 ceramide, C18:0 PE, C18:2 (Cis) PC (DLPC), C18:0 PC (DSPC) may be new risk factors for human atherosclerotic plaques. These molecules may be related to blood lipid, blood pressure or inflammatory level and the intake of vegetables and soy products, but the nature of the association needs to be verified in a larger sample population.

Key words: Lipid metabolism molecules, Atherosclerosis, Correlation analysis, Risk factors

CLC Number: 

  • R543.4

Table 1

Demographic indicators of atherosclerotic plague group and control group"

Variables Atherosclerotic plaque group (n=10) Control group (n=10) P value
Age/years 61.68 (58.42－67.04) 62.97 (55.92－68.62) 0.734
Male 6 (60) 5 (50) 1.000
Smoking 2 (20) 2 (20) 1.000
BMI/(kg/m2) 24.80 (19.75－28.89) 26.11 (18.00－29.59) 0.473
SBP/mmHg 139.50 (111.67－184.67) 123.67 (110.33－149.00) 0.140
DBP/mmHg 78.50 (71.67－119.00) 72.00 (67.00－97.67) 0.162
Glucose/(mmol/L) 5.64 (4.38－6.79) 5.24 (4.89－9.43) 0.623
LDL-C/(mmol/L) 4.21 (2.08－6.00) 3.05 (1.26－4.57) 0.054
hs-CRP/(mg/L) 2.37 (0.57－6.75) 1.51 (0.61－7.39) 0.473
History of CVD
Hypertension 7 (70) 4 (40) 0.370
Diabetes 2 (20) 3 (30) >0.999
Angina/MI 0 0 -
Stroke 0 0 -
Treatment
Antihypertensive 3 (30) 3 (30) 1.0
Lipid lowering 0 (0) 0 (0) -
Insulin 0 3 (30) 0.211
Oral hypoglycemic drugs 2 (20) 1 (10) >0.999
Aspirin 3 (30) 1 (10) 0.582

Figure 1

Peak area of lipid molecular detection"

Table 2

Lipid metabolism molecules between atherosclerotic plaque group and control group"

Items Lipidomics indications Total(n=20) Control group (n=10) Atherosclerotic plaque group (n=10) P value
Ceramide C24:0 ceramide 1.39 (0.75－3.03) 1.25 (0.75－2.14) 1.63 (1.27－3.03) 0.009
C22:0 ceramide 0.45 (0.21－1.02) 0.42 (0.21－0.57) 0.52 (0.43－1.02) 0.011
C24:1 ceramide 0.62 (0.27－1.32) 0.49 (0.27－0.70) 0.69 (0.41－1.32) 0.054
C20:0 ceramide 0.09 (0.04－0.20) 0.08 (0.04－0.12) 0.10 (0.05－0.20) 0.076
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) C18:2 (Cis) PC 8.94 (3.90－15.85) 7.31 (3.90－15.70) 10.71 (8.27－15.85) 0.021
C18:0 PC 0.14 (0.06－0.25) 0.12 (0.06－0.21) 0.16 (0.11－0.25) 0.045
C16:1 (Δ9-Cis) PC 1.27 (0.53－2.05) 1.09 (0.53－2.05) 1.62 (0.87－1.93) 0.076
C18:0-22:6 PC 6.76 (3.71－15.14) 5.34 (3.71－15.14) 7.73 (5.71－11.07) 0.162
C20:4 (Cis) PC 0.22 (0.06－0.45) 0.20 (0.06－0.45) 0.24 (0.12－0.39) 0.186
Phosphorylethanolamine (PE) C18:0 PE 0.02 (0.01－0.12) 0.01 (0.01－0.03) 0.02 (0.01－0.12) 0.045
C18:0-C18:1 PE 0.37 (0.14－1.35) 0.27 (0.14－0.50) 0.40 (0.19－1.35) 0.121
C18:0-C18:2 PE 1.90 (0.79－4.14) 1.66 (0.79－4.14) 1.99 (1.15－3.17) 0.121
Sphingomyelin (SM) C24:0 SM 12.19 (6.62－16.09) 10.65 (6.62－15.24) 13.35 (10.44－16.09) 0.017

Table 3

Spearman correlation coefficient of lipid metabolism molecules with cardiovascular risk factors and dietary factors in healthy group"

Cardiovascular risk factors C22:0 ceramide C24:0 ceramide C18:2 (Cis) PC (DLPC) C18:0 PC (DSPC) C18:0 PE C24:0 SM
LDL-C 0.188 0.079 －0.091 0.030 －0.115 0.636*
Smoking count 0.147 －0.009 －0.277 －0.398 －0.138 0.389
BMI 0.055 －0.006 －0.370 －0.115 0.479 －0.006
SBP 0.576 0.430 0.733* 0.139 0.261 0.042
DBP 0.430 0.236 0.164 0.200 －0.042 0.188
Fasting blood sugar 0.030 0.103 0.006 －0.292 －0.213 －0.389
hs-CRP 0.297 0.200 0.115 0.345 0.782** －0.406
Dietary
Staple food －0.617 －0.541 0.171 －0.021 －0.350 0.212
Bean products －0.334 －0.736* －0.057 0.334 －0.145 －0.094
Chicken and duck －0.069 －0.130 －0.034 0.021 －0.370 0.384
Beef, pork, and lamb 0.113 0.094 －0.044 －0.183 －0.378 0.390
Fish －0.268 －0.268 0.482 0.389 －0.322 0.409
Eggs －0.228 －0.319 0.156 0.410 －0.189 －0.286
Milk and dairy products －0.308 0.130 －0.260 －0.082 －0.185 0.226
Vegetables －0.679* －0.711* －0.162 －0.129 －0.808** 0.323
Fruit －0.020 0.203 －0.334 0.400 0.374 0.361
Nut －0.256 －0.479 －0.479 0.177 －0.059 0.007
Pickle 0.000 0.000 －0.355 －0.355 0.355 －0.284
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