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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 990-994. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2021.05.030

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Three-dimensional morphology analysis of the supraosseous gingival profile of periodontally healthy maxillary anterior teeth

YANG Gang1,HU Wen-jie1,△(),CAO Jie1,LIU Deng-gao2   

  1. 1. Department of Periodontology, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Department of Radiology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2019-10-23 Online:2021-10-18 Published:2021-10-11
  • Contact: Wen-jie HU E-mail:huwenjie@pkus.bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(61876005);Capital Medical Development and Research Fund(2011-4025-04)

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Abstract:

Objective: To measure the three-dimensional morphology of the labial supraosseous gingiva (SOG) and the thickness of related labial bone in maxillary anterior teeth of periodontally healthy Han nationality youth using soft tissue indirect imaging cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Twenty-five periodontally healthy subjects (11 males and 14 females) with 150 maxillary anterior teeth were involved in this study. A special impression with radiopaque material including the maxillary teeth was made, then a CBCT scan with the elastomeric matrix in position was taken for each subject. The imaging data were generated and transferred to a volumetric imaging software in which three-dimensional reconstruction was conducted and the image analyses were carried out. Measurements were made at the site of labial center of the maxillary anterior teeth. The height of the SOG, the distance between cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and bone crest, the gingival thickness at the CEJ, and the thickness of bone 2 mm below the labial bone crest were measured and the correlation analysis between the parameters was made. All the data analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0. The data were analyzed with ANVOA and Pearson correlation tests with the significance level at α=0.05. Results: The mean SOG values were (3.49±0.70) mm, (3.48±0.81) mm, and (3.54±0.67) mm for central incisors, lateral incisors and canines, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences among the different sites (P>0.05). The mean gingival thickness values were (1.45±0.23) mm, (1.13±0.24) mm, (1.14±0.22) mm for central incisors, lateral incisors and canines, respectively. The gingival thickness of the central incisors was the largest among the maxillary anterior teeth with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). No correlation was found between the SOG and gingival thickness among the maxillary anterior teeth (P>0.05). Conclusion: The gingival thickness of central incisors was the largest and the supraosseous gingival height had no correlation with gingival thickness among the periodontally healthy maxillary anterior teeth.

Key words: Cone-beam computed tomography, Gingiva, Imaging, three-dimensional

CLC Number: 

  • R783

Figure 1

Image of indirect soft tissue imaging CBCT scan showing clear visualization of the gingival profile (A) and measurement of various parameters (B) CBCT, cone-beam computed tomography; CEJ, cemento-enamel junction; BC, bone crest; CEJ-BC, the distance between CEJ and BC; SOG, supraosseous gingiva; GT, gingival thickness; BT, thickness of bone."

Table 1

Measurements of gingival thickness, the distance between CEJ and bone crest, supraosseous gingival height in the maxillary anterior teeth by indirect soft tissue imaging CBCT"

Teeth CEJ-BC/mm, x ?±s SOG/mm, x ?±s GT/mm, x ?±s BT/mm, x ?±s
Central incisor 1.70±0.43* 3.54±0.67 1.44±0.23* 1.19±0.25
Lateral incisor 1.95±0.50 3.48±0.81 1.13±0.24 1.05±0.34*
Canine 1.88±0.58 3.49±0.71 1.14±0.22 1.22±0.42

Table 2

Measurements of gingival thickness, the distance between CEJ and bone crest, supraosseous gingival height in the maxillary anterior teeth between different genders"

Teeth Gender CEJ-BC/mm, x ?±s SOG/mm, x ?±s GT/mm, x ?±s BT/mm, x ?±s
Central incisor Male 1.69±0.45 3.54±0.59 1.43±0.27 1.19±0.28
Female 1.70±0.42 3.45±0.63 1.47±0.20 1.19±0.23
Lateral incisor Male 1.94±0.60 3.54±0.78 1.16±0.31 1.05±0.41
Female 1.95±0.45 3.56±0.75 1.11±0.19 1.05±0.29
Canine Male 1.73±0.40 3.59±0.57 1.23±0.23* 1.32±0.52
Female 1.98±0.65 3.43±0.76 1.09±0.20 1.14±0.32
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