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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 247-252. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.02.007

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Characteristics of resting energy expenditure and evaluation of prediction formulas in young men with different body mass indexes

Yifan WU,Yingxiang YU,Lan XIE,Zhida ZHANG,Cuiqing CHANG*()   

  1. Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries; Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2021-12-29 Online:2024-04-18 Published:2024-04-10
  • Contact: Cuiqing CHANG E-mail:changcuiqing@126.com
  • Supported by:
    the Key Technologies Research and Development Program(2019YFF0301700)

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Abstract:

Objective: To compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) characteristics among young men with different body mass indexes (BMI). Methods: Thirty young men [average age was (26.93±4.16) years] were enrolled in this study. They underwent resting metabolism tests in the Department of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital from December 2017 to June 2021. The resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry, the body composition was measured by bioresistance antibody component analyzer. The REE characteristics were analyzed, and 11 predictive equations were used to estimate RMR and compared with the measured value. The differences were analyzed by paired t-test and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The RMR of the overall 30 young men was (1 960.17±463.11) kcal/d (1 kcal=4.186 8 kJ). Including (1 744.33±249.62) kcal/d in those with normal BMI, which was significantly lower than that in those who were overweight or obese [(2 104.06± 520.32) kcal/d, P < 0.01], but the weight-corrected RMR in those with normal BMI was significantly higher than that in those who were overweight or obese [(24.02±2.61) kcal/(kg·d) vs. (19.98±4.38) kcal/(kg·d), P < 0.01]. The RMR was significantly and positively correlated with body weight, adiposity, lean body mass, body surface area, and extracellular fluid in the subjects with diffe-rent BMI (all P < 0.05). The predicted values of the 11 prediction equations were not in good agreement with the measured values (all ICC < 0.75), with relatively high agreement between the predicted and measured values of the World Health Organization (WHO) equation in overweight obese young men (ICC=0.547, P < 0.01). Conclusion: There were significant differences in RMR among young men with different BMI, and the RMR after weight correction should be considered for those who were overweight or obese. The consistency between the predicted values of different prediction equations and the actual measured values of RMR was relatively poor, and it is recommended to accurately measure RMR by indirect calorimetry. For overweight or obese young men, the WHO prediction equation can be considered to calculate RMR, but it is necessary to establish an RMR prediction equation applicable to different BMI populations.

Key words: Resting metabolic rate, Body mass index, Young adult, Male, Overweight or obese

CLC Number: 

  • R151.44

Table 1

Predictive equations of RMR of young men"

Equation source Age/years Equation/(kcal/d) Data source
Harris, et al[10] All 66+13.7×weight (kg)+5×height (cm)-6.8×age (years) 136 men, American
Schofield[11] 18-30 15.057×weight (kg)+692.2 Meta analysis of Western countries data
WHO[12] 18-30 15.3×weight (kg)+679 Meta analysis of Western countries data
Mifflin, et al[13] NA 9.99×weight (kg)+6.25×height (cm)-4.92×age (years)+166×gender (male, 1; female, 0)-161 498 healthy subjects, American
Henry[14] 18-30 14.4×weight (kg)+3.13×height (cm)+113 Include 10 552 subjects, meta analysis
Cunningham[15] All 21.6×FFM (kg)+501.6 Meta analysis
de Lorenzo, et al[16] 18-59 [53.284×weight (kg)+20.957×height (cm)-23.859×age (years)+487]×0.239 320 healthy subjects, Italian
Owen, et al[17] 18-82 290+22.3×FFM (kg) 60 men (include obese subjects), American
Liu, et al[18] NA 13.88×weight (kg)+4.16×height (cm)-3.43×age (years)-112.40×gender (male=0; female=1)+54.34 223 healthy subjects, Chinese
Camps, et al[19] All [52.6×weight (kg)+2 788]×0.239 232 subjects (BMI: 16-41 kg/m2), Singaporean Chinese subjects
Xue, et al[20] NA 13.9×weight (kg)+247-5.39×age (years)+855 315 healthy subjects, Chinese

Table 2

Subjects characteristics"

Indicator Normal BMI (n=12), $\bar x \pm s$ Overweight or obese (n=18), $\bar x \pm s$ P
Age/years 26.50±2.32 27.22±5.08 0.649
Height/cm 175.66±3.56 174.79±6.39 0.674
Weight/kg 72.52±4.66 107.68±27.30 < 0.001
BMI/(kg/m2) 23.51±1.43 35.19±8.44 < 0.001
Fat mass/kg 12.70±1.91 39.92±21.24 < 0.001
Body fat rate/% 17.44±1.84 35.13±9.18 < 0.001
FFM/kg 59.83±3.25 67.76±8.09 0.003
TBW/kg 41.70±2.98 44.94±6.60 0.123
Body water/% 57.51±2.23 43.06±7.27 < 0.001
Intracellular fluid/kg 26.32±2.21 27.09±4.37 0.579
Extracellular fluid/kg 15.38±0.82 17.85±2.50 0.001
BMR/(kcal/d) 1 705.42±98.02 2 022.39±296.13 < 0.001
mRMR/(kcal/d) 1 744.33±249.62 2 104.06±520.32 < 0.001
Weight-corrected RMR/[kcal/(kg·d)] 24.02±2.61 19.98±4.38 < 0.001
FFM-corrected RMR/[kcal/(kg·d)] 29.11±3.45 30.96±6.24 0.359

Table 3

Resting metabolism of subjects and the consumption of nutrients"

Indicator Normal BMI (n=12), $\bar x \pm s$ Overweight or obese (n=18), $\bar x \pm s$ P
EE/(kcal/d) 1 744.33±249.62 2 104.06±520.32 < 0.001
Carbohydrate
  g 196.10±136.52 157.17±56.20 0.416
  kcal/d 819.80±571.04 657.00±234.69 0.416
  % 37.50±15.69 38.00±13.76 0.937
Fat
  g 85.10±32.48 82.17±24.87 0.813
  kcal/d 804.50±307.59 777.75±234.04 0.819
  % 41.60±12.89 44.17±11.33 0.629
Protein
  g 92.20±26.91 71.83±25.98 0.088
  kcal/d 397.80±115.99 309.75±112.72 0.088
  % 21.00±8.61 17.83±6.19 0.346
npRER 0.84±0.05 0.84±0.04 0.917
UN/(g/d) 14.73±4.29 11.47±4.18 0.089

Table 4

Correlation analysis between mRMR and body composition (r value)"

Indicator Normal BMI (n=12) Overweight or obese (n=18)
Height 0.231 0.140
Weight 0.670* 0.560*
Body fat 0.617* 0.503*
FFM 0.600* 0.569*
BSA 0.630* 0.554*
Body water 0.523 0.529
Intracellular fluid 0.480 0.438
Extracellular fluid 0.603* 0.631**

Table 5

Comparison of the subject's mRMR and the predicted value of the equations"

Predictive equationNormal BMI (n=12) Overweight or obese (n=18)
Value/(kcal/d), $\bar x \pm s$ P Value/(kcal/d), $\bar x \pm s$ P
mRMR 1 744.33±249.62 2 104.06±520.32
BMR 1 705.42±98.02 0.529 2 022.39±296.13 0.433
Harris, et al[10] 1 762.84±71.30 0.771 2 236.99±385.60 0.230
Schofield[11] 1 784.21±70.20 0.523 2 313.50±411.09 0.063
WHO[12] 1 788.63±71.33 0.477 2 326.47±417.73 0.051
Mifflin, et al[13] 1 697.01±58.47 0.476 2 039.23±286.89 0.542
Henry[14] 1 707.17±72.44 0.551 2 210.67±399.88 0.324
Cunningham[15] 1 793.91±70.24 0.441 1 965.18±174.68 0.203
de Lorenzo, et al[16] 1 768.70±66.98 0.704 2 207.92±358.02 0.337
Owen, et al[17] 1 624.19±72.52 0.078 1 801.01±180.34 0.010
Liu, et al[18] 1 700.83±70.55 0.493 2 182.68±387.24 0.466
Camps, et al[19] 1 578.11±58.61** 0.021 2 020.04±343.24 0.423
Xue, et al[20] 1 967.26±61.84** 0.004 2 451.99±378.67** 0.004

Table 6

The consistency between the predicted value and the measured value of RMR"

Predictive equationNormal BMI (n=12) Overweight or obese (n=18)
ICC F P ICC F P
BMR 0.402 2.346 0.086 0.482 2.859 0.018
Harris, et al[10] 0.313 1.912 0.149 0.511 3.092 0.013
Schofield[11] 0.349 2.074 0.121 0.545 3.397 0.008
WHO[12] 0.354 2.097 0.118 0.547 3.416 0.008
Mifflin, et al[13] 0.250 1.666 0.205 0.448 2.624 0.027
Henry[14] 0.352 2.084 0.119 0.539 3.339 0.009
Cunningham[15] 0.313 1.911 0.149 0.343 2.046 0.075
de Lorenzo, et al[16] 0.298 1.849 0.161 0.501 3.005 0.015
Owen, et al[17] 0.322 1.948 0.142 0.352 2.087 0.070
Liu, et al[18] 0.329 1.981 0.136 0.523 3.197 0.011
Camps, et al[19] 0.298 1.850 0.161 0.515 3.125 0.012
Xue, et al[20] 0.299 1.853 0.160 0.517 3.139 0.012
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