中国归因于非痴呆器质性精神障碍残疾的描述性流行病学研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的：分析我国归因于非痴呆器质性精神障碍的残疾率及其分布特征，为残疾预防和康复提供流行病学证据。方法：通过对第二次全国残疾人抽样调查的数据分析，描述我国人群中该类残疾的现况、危害程度及人群和地区分布特征，进行统计学检验。结果：调查的2 526 145人中归因于非痴呆器质性精神障碍的残疾者有1 200人，残疾率为0.475‰，在各类精神残疾中居第三位。该类残疾者在男性、受教育程度低、离婚、丧偶、未婚、无工作者的比例较高。非痴呆器质性障碍残疾率从高到低的民族依次为维吾尔族、藏族、回族、汉族、蒙古族，维吾尔族、藏族的残疾率是汉族、回族的两倍，差异有统计学意义。残疾率随年龄增高而增高。分析该类残疾的残疾率地区分布，西部高于东部，八大经济区中较高的是经济欠发达的西南、南部和西北地区，差异有统计学意义，此类残疾者的一、二、三、四级精神残疾的构成比分别占36.8%、17.0%、14.3%和31.9%。非痴呆器质性精神残疾者在生活活动能力方面损害最为严重。结论：归因于非痴呆器质性精神障碍的残疾在精神残疾中所占比例较大，是精神残疾防治的重点；男性、经济水平低、受教育程度低、婚姻状况差、就业状况差者是精神残疾预防应该关注的重点人群。

关键词: 精神残疾人, 患病率, 精神障碍, 流行病学研究

Abstract: Objective： To describe the prevalence rates of disabilities attributed to non-dementia organic mental disorder and their demographic and regional distributions in China for supporting policy maker to prevent mental disabilities. Methods: Using the data from the second China National Survey on Disability, the prevalence rates were statistically analysed. Results: There were 1 200 people with non-dementia organic mental disabilities in 2 526 145 respondents, the point prevalence rate of disabilities attributed to non-dementia organic mental disorder was 0.475‰, ranking the third in all mental disabilities. Among the disabled, more male and more people with lower education level, being unemployed, divorced, widowed and unmarried were found. The decline of disability prevalence rates in different ethnic groups was found in the sequence of Uighur, Tibetan, Hui-Chinese (Muslims), HanChinese and Mongolian. The disability prevalence rates in Uighur and Tibetan were double higher than those in Han-Chinese and Hui-Chinese with statistical significances. The disability prevalence rates increased with age. Regarding the region distribution of non-dementia organic mental disabilities, the prevalence rate in western region was higher than that in eastern region. Among the eight economic regions, the prevalence rates in the underdeveloped southwest, south, northwest regions were significantly higher than those in the others. The proportions of extremely severe, severe, moderate, and mild disability were 36.8%, 17.0%, 14.3%, and 31.9%. The severest impairment on function of daily activities was found in the disabled. Conclusion: The proportion of nondementia organic mental disabilities is relative high in all mental disabilities, therefore it should be focused for prevention and treatment. The disabled in males, with lower economic and education level, worse marital status, and being unemployed should receive more attention.

Key words: Mental disabled persons, Prevalence, Mental disorders, Epidemiologic studies

李恒, 黄悦勤, 马亚婷, 刘肇瑞. 中国归因于非痴呆器质性精神障碍残疾的描述性流行病学研究[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2014, 46(2): 247-253.

LI Heng, HUANG Yue-Qin, MA Ya-Ting, LIU Zhao-Rui. Descriptive epidemiological study on disabilities attributed to non-dementia organic mental disorder in China[J]. Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences), 2014, 46(2): 247-253.

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