目的 量化评价血管迷走性晕厥血压下降过程中的脑血流自动调节功能,用于在晕厥相关症状出现前预测其发生。方法 选取20位直立倾斜试验证实的血管迷走性晕厥患者,另选取20名正常对照者。所有被试在直立倾斜试验前都要平卧30 min,同时使用TCD 2 MHz Doppler监测探头监测双侧大脑中动脉血流速度,心电监护监测心率,使用连续每搏血压监测指端无创连续血压。在进行10 min基线数据采集后,被试继续进行70°直立倾斜试验,每位被试至少直立30 min,或在30 min内出现晕厥发作或晕厥前兆时或当被试出现突发血压下降≥20 mmHg时终止检查。利用多模态血流血压分析(multimodal pressure-flow analysis,MMPF)的非线性动力学方法对不同时相的脑血流自动调节功能进行分析。利用信号分析的方法将脑血流信号记录中的重搏切迹深度量化测量,定义新的预测参数晕厥指数(syncope index,SI)用于评估血压变化时的脑血管张力。结果 病例组在血管迷走性晕厥发生时的晕厥指数与倾斜试验开始时的基线数值相比存在明显下降(0.16±0.10 vs. 0.27±0.10,P<0.01), 而对照组在倾斜试验结束时的晕厥指数与倾斜试验开始时的基线数值相比差异无统计学意义。对于血管迷走性晕厥组的患者,在晕厥发生前3 min,搏动指数与基线数据相比未见明显变化(P>0.05),但晕厥指数已出现明显下降(0.23±0.07 vs.0.29±0.07,P<0.01)。结论 当血管迷走性晕厥发生时脑血流动态调节功能衰竭,小血管张力的丧失与脑血流自动调节功能的丧失是相关的;晕厥指数可以作为提前预测血管迷走性晕厥发生的一个有用的参数。

Objective: To quantify the relationship between cerebral blood flow velocity and peripheral blood pressure during hypotension period, aiming to predict the brain hypotension before symptomatic occurrence.Methods: Twenty vasovagal syncope (VVS) patients who had a previous clinical history were selected in groups and 20 pair-matched control subjects underwent 70° tilt-up test. The subjects remained supine for 30 minutes before recordings when Doppler probes, electrodes and Finapres device were prepared. After continuous baseline recordings for 10 min, the subjects underwent head up tilt (HUT) test (70°), and were standing upright for 30 minutes or until syncope was imminent. For ethical reasons, the subjects were turned back to supine position immediately after SBP dropped to ≥20 mmHg, when their consciousness persisted. The point of syncope was synchronized for all the subjects by the point SBP reached the minima. Their beat-to-beat blood pressures (BP) were recorded continuously and bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocities were obtained with two 2 MHz Doppler probes from a transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) system. A nonlinear dynamic method——multimodal pressure flow (MMPF) analysis was introduced to access cerebral autoregulation during different time intervals. We introduced a new indicator——syncope index (SI), which was extracted from blood flow velocity (BFV) signal to evaluate the variation of cerebral vascular tension, and could reflect the deepness of dicrotic notch in BFV signal. Results: Compared with the syncope index of the baseline value at the beginning of the tilt test, SI in VVS group showed significantly lower when the VVS occurred (0.16±0.10 vs.0.27±0.10,P<0.01),while there was no significant difference in syncope index between the control group at the end of the tilt test and the baseline value at the beginning of the tilt test. For those VVS patients, pulse index and resistance index had no significant change. Syncope index decreased significantly 3 minutes before the point of syncope (0.23±0.07 vs.0.29±0.07,P<0.01).Conclusion: Dynamic regulation is exhausted when vasovagal syncope occurred. Tension decrease of small vessels could have some relationship with loss of the cerebral autoregulation capability. The proposed syncope index could be a useful parameter in predicting syncope of VVS patients since it decreased significantly up to 3 minutes earlier from the point of syncope.