目的: 探讨颈_1~2硬膜外神经鞘瘤的显微微创手术方法。方法: 回顾分析2010年7月至2018年12月收治的63例颈_1~2硬膜外神经鞘瘤患者的临床特点、影像学特征和手术方法。临床症状以枕颈部疼痛、麻木为主,包括疼痛58例、麻木30例、肢体无力3例、无症状包块2例;首发症状为枕颈部疼痛55例、麻木6例、无症状包块2例。肿瘤在磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)上表现为等T₁或稍长T₁、等T₂或稍长T₂信号,增强扫描明显强化,直径1~3 cm。根据肿瘤部位及大小进行个体化椎板切开,尽可能保留颈₂棘突;肿瘤切除严格在包膜内进行。结果: 肿瘤全切除60例,次全切除3例,无椎动脉损伤。手术时间60~180 min,平均92.83 min;术后住院时间3~9 d,平均5.97 d。术后病理证实均为神经鞘瘤;术后无感染、脑脊液漏,除9例出现载瘤神经支配区麻木外,无其他新发神经功能障碍。随访6个月至8年(中位随访时间3年),术后新出现的症状均恢复正常。58例疼痛患者疼痛均消失;30例麻木患者中,27例完全恢复,3例残余轻度麻木;3例肌力减退者均恢复正常。McCormick分级均为Ⅰ级。所有患者复查MRI未见肿瘤复发,X线未见颈椎不稳定或畸形。结论: 充分利用颈_1~2的解剖间隙,进行个体化椎板切开,进行颈_1~2硬膜外神经鞘瘤的切除是可行的;尽量减少颈₂骨质破坏,保留颈₂棘突的正常肌肉附着,有利于防止颈椎不稳定或畸形的发生;严格包膜内切除可有效防止椎动脉损伤。

Objective: To explore the minimally invasive surgical method for cervical_1-2 epidural neurilemmoma. Methods: The clinical features, imaging characteristics and surgical methods of 63 cases of cervical_1-2 epidural neurilemmoma from July 2010 to December 2018 were reviewed and analyzed. Pain and numbness in occipitocervical region were the common clinical symptoms. There were 58 cases with pain, 30 cases with numbness, 3 cases with limb weakness and 2 cases with asymptomatic mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the tumors located in the cervical_1-2 epidural space with diameter of 1-3 cm. The equal or slightly lower T₁ and equal or slightly higher T₂ signals were found on MRI. The tumors had obvious enhancement. Individualized laminotomy was performed according to the location and size of the tumors, and axis spinous processes were preserved as far as possible. Resection of tumor was performed strictly within the capsule. Results: Total and subtotal resection of tumor were achieved in 60 and 3 cases respectively, and no vertebral artery injury was found. The operation time ranged from 60 to 180 minutes, with an average of 92.83 minutes. The hospitalization time ranged from 3 to 9 days, with an average of 5.97 days. All tumors were confirmed as neurilemmoma by pathology. There was no postoperative infection or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. There was no new-onset dysfunction except 9 cases of numbness in the nerve innervation area. The period of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 8 years (median: 3 years). All the new-onset dysfunction recovered completely. Pain disappeared in all of the 58 patients with pain. Numbness recovered completely in 27 patients while slight numbness remained in another 3 patients. Three patients with muscle weakness recovered completely. The spinal function of all the patients restored to McCormick grade Ⅰ. No recurrence was found on MRI. No cervical spine instability or deformity was found on X-rays. Conclusion: It is feasible to resect cervical_1-2 epidural neurilemmoma by full use of the anatomical space between atlas and axis and individual laminotomy. It is helpful to prevent cervical instability or deformity by minimizing the destruction of cervical₂ bone and preserving normal muscle attachment to cervical₂ spinous process. Strict intracapsular resection can effectively prevent vertebral artery injury.