目的: 总结并分析儿童基底节区生殖细胞瘤的临床特征,提高临床早期诊断水平。方法: 选择2013年1月至2020年12月于北京大学第一医院小儿外科病房确诊为基底节区生殖细胞瘤的儿童病例资料进行回顾性分析,利用描述性统计的方法分析儿童基底节区生殖细胞瘤患者的临床资料。结果: 共纳入30例患者,28例为男性,2例为女性,发病平均年龄(9.7±2.2)岁,中位病程7个月,27例单侧发病,3例双侧发病,临床症状表现为偏侧肢体肌力下降、认知功能障碍、多饮多尿、性早熟、颅内高压、发音障碍、吞咽功能障碍。30例患者血清与脑脊液肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein, AFP)均正常, 其中8例患者血清与脑脊液肿瘤标志物β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-human chorionic gonadotropin,β-HCG)均正常,11例患者血清β-HCG正常但脑脊液β-HCG轻度升高,11例患者血清与脑脊液β-HCG均轻度升高。影像学检查共发现33个病灶,病灶形态不规则,其中片状病灶15个(45.5%)、斑片状病灶10个(30.3%)、类圆形高密度病灶8个(24.2%), 计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)肿瘤多呈明显高密度影,磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)扫描肿瘤T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI呈等或高信号,瘤周水肿轻,伴有半球萎缩、大脑脚萎缩、钙化、囊变、脑室扩张、华勒氏变性(Wallerian degeneration)。增强扫描肿瘤呈无强化或不均匀强化。结论: 儿童基底节区生殖细胞瘤主要发病年龄为10岁左右,男性占绝对优势,其临床特点与影像学表现有一定的特征,二者结合有利于提高儿童基底节区生殖细胞瘤的早期诊断水平。

Objective: To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of children with basal ganglia germinoma and to improve the level of early clinical diagnosis. Methods: The clinical data of children diagnosed with basal ganglia germinoma admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Ward of Peking University First Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed,and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the clinical characteristics of children with basal ganglia germinoma. Results: A total of 30 patients were included in the study, 28 were male, 2 were female, the mean age at onset was (9.7±2.2) years, the median disease duration was 7 months, 27 had unilateral disease, and 3 had bilateral disease. The clinical manifestations were decreased limb muscle strength, cognitive function disorders, polydipsia, precocious puberty, intracranial hypertension, dysphonia and swallowing dysfunction. The serum and cerebrospinal fluid tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were normal in the 30 patients, and the serum and cerebrospinal fluid tumor marker β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) were normal in 8 patients.The serum β-HCG was normal in 11 patients but the cerebrospinal fluid β-HCG was slightly elevated, and the serum and cerebrospinal fluid β-HCG were slightly elevated in 11 patients. A total of 33 lesions with irregular shapes were found by imaging examination, including 15 (45.5%) patchy lesions, 10 (30.3%) patchy lesions, and 8 (24.2%) round-like high-density lesions. Tumors showed obvious high-density shadows on computed tomography (CT) scan. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the tumors showed low or isointensity on T1WI and isointensity on T2WI, accompanied by mild peritumoral edema, hemispheric atrophy, cerebral peduncle atrophy, calcification, cystic degeneration,ventricular dilatation and wallerian degeneration. On contrast-enhanced scans, the tumor showed no enhancement or heterogeneous enhancement. Conclusion: The main age of onset of germ cell tumors in the basal ganglia in children is about 10 years old, and males are absolutely dominant. The clinical features and imaging manifestations have certain characteristics. With both combined, the early diagnosis of germ cell tumors in the basal ganglia can be improved.