目的: 探索喷砂、喷砂加酸蚀对氧化钇和氧化镁稳定的氧化锆种植体表面晶相和断裂强度的影响。方法: 通过计算机辅助设计(computer aided design, CAD)/计算机辅助制造(computer aided manufacture, CAM)技术, 以氧化钇稳定的多晶四方相氧化锆(yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, Y-TZP)和氧化镁稳定的氧化锆(magnesia partially stabilized zirconia, Mg-PSZ)两种材料加工标准试件及种植体, 分为不处理组(对照组)、喷砂组和喷砂加酸蚀组3组, 观察表面显微形貌并计算表面粗糙度。采用X射线衍射仪进行物相分析, 通过静力试验获得各组种植体的断裂强度。结果: 喷砂、喷砂加酸蚀处理显著增加了Y-TZP和Mg-PSZ两种种植体的表面粗糙度[轮廓算术平均偏差(Ra)值](P < 0.01)。物相分析结果显示, 表面喷砂和喷砂加酸蚀处理未对Mg-PSZ试件表面的晶相组成造成显著影响, 但导致了Y-TZP试件的单斜相百分数明显升高。喷砂、喷砂加酸蚀处理的Mg-PSZ种植体断裂强度分别为(294.1±3.3) N和(331.3±26.4) N, 与对照组[(458.4±48.7) N]相比均显著下降(P < 0.01)。Y-TZP种植体对照组的断裂强度为(827.3±101.6) N, 喷砂处理后断裂强度为(1 162.9±116.5) N, 与对照组相比显著升高(P=0.03), 喷砂加酸蚀处理后为(867.2±171.0) N, 与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.99)。结论: 表面喷砂能够提高Y-TZP种植体的断裂强度, 而表面喷砂和喷砂加酸蚀处理均会降低本研究中制备的Mg-PSZ种植体的断裂强度。

Objective: To evaluate the effects of surface treatment on the phase and fracture strength of yttria-and magnesia-stabilized and its mechanisms. Methods: One-piece cylindrical screw-type implants were fabricated with yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) and magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) using computer aided design (CAD)/computer aided manufacture (CAM) technique.They were divided into three groups: (1) placed in water for 1 h after final sintering (control group), (2) sandblasting using 110 μm Al₂O₃ particles, (3) sandblasting plus etching with hydrofluoric acid for 1 h.The surface morphology and roughness of the implants were evaluated.Tetragonal to monoclinic transformation was measured on the surface by X-ray diffraction.Static tests of the zirconia implants were carried out at room temperature following the International Standards Organization (ISO)14801:2014 Standard. Results: Both sandblasting alone and sandblasting plus acid etching significantly increased surface roughness (Ra) of Mg-PSZ and Y-TZP implants (P < 0.01), with sandblasting plus acid etching exhibited the highest surface roughness.No monoclinic band was detected in Mg-PSZ surface.Compared with the control group, the surface monoclinic content of Mg-PSZ had no obvious change after surface treatments.However, strong monoclinic bands appeared in surface modified Y-TZP.Monoclinic content of Y-TZP was higher than that of control group (1.55%) after both sandblasting alone (16.44%) and sandblasting plus acid etching (7.68%).For Mg-PSZ implants, fracture strengths of sandblasting group and sandblasting plus acid etching group were (294.1±3.3) N and (331.3±26.4) N respectively, which were lower than that of control group (458.4±48.7) N with significant differences (P < 0.01).For Y-TZP implants, fracture strength of control group was (827.3±101.6) N.Compared with control group, sandblasting group showed significantly higher fracture strength (P=0.03), which was (1 162.9±116.5) N.While sandblasting plus acid etching group had a fracture strength of (867.2±171.0) N, with no significant difference with control group (P>0.99). Conclusion: Sandblasting improved the fracture strength of Y-TZP implants.For the Mg-PSZ implants manufactured in this study, surface treatments with sandblasting and sandblasting plus acid etching resulted in a decrease of fracture strength.