目的: 了解新疆维吾尔自治区1985—2019年7~18岁维吾尔族中小学生生长发育情况，为制定健康促进策略提供理论依据。方法: 选取1985、2000、2010和2019年4次全国学生体质与健康调研中具有完整身高、体质量和体重指数(body mass index，BMI)数据的18 591例7~18岁新疆维吾尔族中小学生为研究对象，计算各年龄组每相邻两调查年之间的增幅和每十年增速，对各形态指标平均值进行t检验分析年份间的差异。结果: 34年来，除17~18岁女生身高外，其余各年龄组维吾尔族男女生身高和体质量显著增长(P值均＜0.01)，男女生身高增长范围为2.06~9.89 cm和-0.03~6.86 cm; 体质量增长范围为2.39~10.2 kg和2.57~8.05 kg; 2000—2019年大部分年龄组BMI增加，男女生BMI增长范围分别为-0.94~0.86 kg/m²和0.08~1.34 kg/m²，男生形态指标增幅大于女生。前15年男生身高和男女生体质量增速最快，中间10年多数年龄组身高和少数年龄组体质量、BMI下降，后9年除男生体质量外总体均转为积极生长趋势，且女生身高增速达到各时期最高。女生身高最大发育年龄(maximum increase/growth age，MIA)提前较体质量和BMI的MIA提前的明显; 男生身高MIA无明显变化，但体质量和BMI的MIA提前明显。结论: 34年间新疆7~18岁维吾尔族中小学生总体身体形态呈增长趋势，存在性别差异，总体生长情况尚处于生长长期趋势的初期阶段，需要重点关注男女生的体质量状况，预防不正常营养状态的出现。

Objective: To understand the growth and development of Uygur primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019, and to provide theoretical basis for formulating health promotion strategies. Methods: In the study, 18 591 Xinjiang Uygur primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years with complete body height, body mass and body mass index (BMI) data by the Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health in 1985, 2000, 2010 and 2019 were selected as the research objects. The growth rate of each age group in each adjacent two survey years and per decade were calculated, and a t-test on the mean of each index to analyze was used to analyze the difference between the years. Results: During the period 1985-2019, except for the height of girls aged 17-18 years, the height and mass of Uyghur boys and girls in all the age groups increased significantly (P all < 0.01), and the growth range of height for boys and girls was 2.06-9.89 cm and -0.03 to 6.86 cm, respectively; the growth range of mass was 2.39-10.2 kg and 2.57-8.05 kg, respectively; the BMI for most age groups increased from 2000 to 2019, whose range was -0.94 to 0.86 kg/m² and 0.08-1.34 kg/m² for boys and girls, respectively. The growth range was greater for boys than for girls. Height and mass of boys and girls increased at the fastest rate in the first 15 years; the height of most age groups, mass and BMI of a few age groups decreased in the middle 10 years; overall turned to a positive growth trend in the last 9 years except for the mass of boys, and height of girls increased at the highest rate in all periods. Advancement of maximum increase/growth age (MIA) in height was greater than that in mass and BMI for girls; MIA in height did not change significantly in boys, but MIA in mass and BMI was significantly earlier. Conclusion: The overall body shape indexes of Uyghur primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years in Xinjiang during the 34 years showed an increasing trend with gender differences. The overall status of growth was in the early stage of a secular growth trend, requiring focused attention to the mass status of both sexes to prevent the emergence of abnormal nutritional status.