目的: 分析我国某健康体检人群中痔的分布特点，为痔的精准预防和早期干预提供依据。方法: 选取2018年在某全国连锁的体检中心接受健康检查的18岁以上受试者作为研究对象，进行横断面调查研究，采用Logistic回归分析受试者的一般资料及直肠检查结果，描述痔的地区和人群分布特征。以2010年第6次人口普查作为标准人口，对年龄和地区进行直接标化，报告分为性别、年龄组的痔标化检出率。结果: 共纳入2 940 295名健康体检者，平均年龄(41.7±14.0)岁，其中女性占52.6%。在全年龄组人群中，男、女性痔的标化检出率分别为17.7%和43.7%(P < 0. 001)。从年龄分布来看，女性痔标化检出率呈倒U型，30~39岁年龄组的痔标化检出率最高(63.5%)；男性痔标化检出率随年龄增加，以50~59岁年龄组最高(17.2%)，60岁及以上年龄组检出率略有降低(趋势检验P < 0.001)。此外，男性痔标化检出率随体重指数升高呈上升趋势(趋势检验P < 0.001)，高血压人群痔标化检出率在男性和女性中均显著高于正常血压人群(P < 0.001)。结论: 我国成人痔检出率与性别、年龄、肥胖及高血压等因素密切相关，但本研究基于体检人群开展，结论外推到一般人群时需慎重；识别出痔患病的高危人群和危险因素，有针对性地开展健康宣教工作和早期筛查，可以减少痔的发生，提升我国居民生活质量和健康水平。

Objective: To describe the epidemiological distribution of hemorrhoids in a physical examination population in China, which could provide evidence for precision prevention and early intervention of hemorrhoids. Methods: Chinese subjects over 18 years of age who underwent a physical examination in a nationwide chain of physical examination centers in 2018 were studied in a cross-sectional design, which collected information by a questionnaire and physical examination results from each subject. The epidemiological distribution of hemorrhoids was described using Logistic models. The gender-, age-, and region-detection rates of hemorrhoids were standardized to the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (2010). Results: A total of 2 940 295 adult subjects were included in the study, of whom the average age was (41.7±14.0) years, and 52.6% were females. The standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids was higher for females (43.7%) than that for males (17.7%; P < 0.001) in this study. In the females, the age distribution of hemorrhoids was inverted U-shaped, with the highest standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids in the age group of 30-39 years (63.5%). In the males, the standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids increased along with age, with the highest percentage of 17.2% in the age group of 50-59 years, and the standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids in the age group of 60 and above decreased slightly (P < 0.001 for trend test). The participants with hypertension had a higher standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids than those with normal blood pressure in both males and females (P < 0.001). The standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids showed a positive correlation with body mass index (P < 0.001 for trend test in males). Conclusion: The detection rate of hemorrhoids varied to gender, age, obesity, and hypertension status, which could help to identify the risk factors and the high-risk sub-groups, and hence to strengthen health education and early detection accordingly, which could eventually reduce the incidence of hemorrhoids and improve the quality of life and health in the Chinese population. This study was conducted in a physical examination population, and the conclusions of this study should be extrapolated with caution.