1 资料与方法
1.1 病例选择
1.2 资料收集
1.3 分组方法
1.4 实验方法
1.5 统计学分析
2 结果
2.1 两组一般资料比较
表1 多部位感染组与单纯肺部感染组一般资料比较Table 1 Comparison of general information between the multi-site infection group and lung infection group |
| Items | Multi-site infection group (n=35) | Lung infection group (n=93) | Z/χ2 | P |
| Age/years | 85 (82, 88) | 79 (69, 85) | 2.513 | 0.012 |
| Sex (male/female) | 15/20 | 67/26 | 9.409 | 0.002 |
| Length of hospitalization ≥30 d | 29 (82.9) | 35 (37.6) | 20.802 | < 0.001 |
| Admission to intensive care unit | 24 (68.6) | 59 (63.4) | 0.221 | 0.638 |
| History of antimicrobial exposure within 90 d | 34 (97.1) | 75 (80.6) | 5.476 | 0.019 |
| 30-day mortality | 14 (40.0) | 14 (15.1) | 9.260 | 0.002 |
| Distribution of specimens | ||||
| Sputum and pulmonary alveolar lavage fluid | 35 (100.0) | 93 (100.0) | ||
| Urine | 19 (54.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Blood | 13 (37.1) | 0 (0) | ||
| Surgical wound discharge | 2 (5.7) | 0 (0) | ||
| Ascites | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | ||
| Distribution of departments | ||||
| Intensive care unit | 20 (57.1) | 36 (38.7) | 3.511 | 0.061 |
| Emergency department ward | 7 (20.0) | 7 (7.5) | 2.882 | 0.090 |
| Respiratory medicine department | 1 (2.9) | 16 (17.2) | 3.385 | 0.066 |
| Other internal medicine wards | 6 (17.1) | 21 (22.6) | 0.452 | 0.501 |
| Other surgical wards | 1 (2.9) | 13 (14.0) | 2.188 | 0.139 |
Data are expressed as M (P25, P75), n or n(%). |
表2 多部位感染组与单纯肺部感染组菌株耐药情况Table 2 Drug resistance of the multi-site infection group and lung infection group |
| Items | Multi-site infection group (n=35) | Lung infection group (n=93) | P |
| Amoxicillin / Clavulanate | 22 (73.3) | 34 (47.2) | 0.016 |
| Piperacillin / Tazobactam | 27 (79.4) | 37 (42.0) | < 0.001 |
| Cefatriaxone | 27 (79.4) | 43 (49.4) | 0.003 |
| Cefepime | 28 (80.0) | 42 (45.7) | 0.001 |
| Ceftazidime | 28 (80.0) | 42 (45.7) | 0.001 |
| Ceftazidime / Avibactam | 13 (37.1) | 1 (1.8) | < 0.001 |
| Cefoperazone / Sulbactam | 25 (71.4) | 39 (41.9) | 0.003 |
| Levofloxacin | 28 (80.0) | 42 (45.7) | 0.001 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 28 (82.4) | 44 (51.2) | 0.002 |
| Minocycline | 14 (40.0) | 23 (25.0) | 0.096 |
| Doxycycline | 10 (37.0) | 19 (29.2) | 0.463 |
| Tigecycline | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Meropenem | 22 (62.8) | 33 (36.3) | 0.007 |
| Imipenem | 22 (62.8) | 34 (37.0) | 0.009 |
| Ertapenem | 20 (57.1) | 35 (38.5) | 0.058 |
| Amikacin | 18 (51.4) | 22 (23.9) | 0.003 |
| Aztreonam | 19 (73.1) | 30 (43.5) | 0.010 |
| Cotrimoxazole | 12 (34.2) | 30 (32.6) | 0.858 |
| Colistin | 4 (16.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0.024 |
| Tobramycin | 14 (53.8) | 18 (26.5) | 0.012 |
Data are expressed as n(%). |
2.2 两组患者合并症、疾病严重程度评分、侵入操作、并发症情况比较
表3 多部位感染组与单纯肺部感染组合并症、疾病严重程度评分、侵入操作、并发症比较Table 3 Comparison of comorbidities, disease severity score, invasive procedures, and complications between the multi-site infection group and lung infection group |
| Items | Multi-site infection group (n=35) | Lung infection group (n=93) | χ2 | P |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Interstitial lung disease | 5 (14.3) | 3 (3.2) | 5.309 | 0.021 |
| Myocardial infarction | 9 (25.7) | 6 (6.5) | 9.121 | 0.003 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 19 (54.3) | 14 (15.1) | 20.455 | < 0.001 |
| Peptic ulcer | 17 (48.6) | 1 (1.1) | 47.469 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (2.9) | 33 (35.5) | 13.877 | < 0.001 |
| Hemiplegia | 13 (37.1) | 1 (1.1) | 33.960 | < 0.001 |
| Disease severity score | ||||
| CCI score>4 | 8 (22.9) | 9 (9.7) | 3.835 | 0.076 |
| GCS score < 8 | 15 (42.9) | 16 (17.2) | 9.118 | 0.003 |
| Invasive procedures | ||||
| CVC | 18 (51.4) | 40 (43.0) | 0.727 | 0.394 |
| PICC | 15 (42.9) | 11 (11.8) | 15.126 | < 0.001 |
| Catheter | 29 (82.9) | 6 (17.1) | 0.175 | 0.676 |
| Tracheal intubation | 13 (37.1) | 29 (31.2) | 0.410 | 0.522 |
| Gastric tube | 32 (91.4) | 62 (66.7) | 7.993 | 0.005 |
| Drainage tube | 7 (20.0) | 17 (18.3) | 0.049 | 0.824 |
| Complications | ||||
| Pleural effusion | 21 (60.0) | 36 (38.7) | 4.667 | 0.031 |
| Infectious shock | 13 (37.1) | 8 (8.6) | 15.104 | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory failure | 14 (40.0) | 39 (41.9) | 0.039 | 0.843 |
Data are expressed as n(%). CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; CVC, central venous catheter; PICC, peripherally inserted central catheter. |
2.3 两组实验室检验结果比较
表4 多部位感染组与单纯肺部感染组实验室检验结果比较Table 4 Comparison of the laboratory test results between the the multi-site infection group and lung infection group |
| Items | Multi-site infection group (n=35) | Lung infection group (n=93) | t/Z | P |
| WBC/(×109/L) | 8.94 (6.88, 12.13) | 9.44 (6.28, 14.25) | 1.251 | 0.211 |
| RBC/(×1012/L) | 2.94±0.68 | 3.64±0.82 | 4.595 | < 0.001 |
| HB/(g/L) | 89.17±19.91 | 110.74±25.50 | 4.799 | < 0.001 |
| HCT | 0.28±0.07 | 0.34±0.08 | 0.438 | 0.662 |
| PLT/(×109/L) | 195.17±114.03 | 207.91±96.68 | 1.842 | 0.068 |
| NEUT/% | 80.65 (69.25, 87.75) | 78.45 (70.73, 83.80) | 1.756 | 0.079 |
| NEUT/(×109/L) | 6.36 (4.81, 10.30) | 7.51 (4.39, 12.11) | 1.016 | 0.310 |
| TB/(μmol/L) | 13.25 (10.10, 17.03) | 12.70 (8.93, 24.63) | 0.380 | 0.704 |
| Cr/(μmol/L) | 69.00 (37.00, 179.50) | 72.50 (48.50, 98.50) | 0.527 | 0.598 |
| ALB/(g/L) | 32.70 (29.35, 36.25) | 32.15 (28.36, 35.45) | 0.782 | 0.434 |
| ALT/(U/L) | 19.00 (13.00, 36.75) | 22.50 (12.75, 42.50) | 0.354 | 0.724 |
| AST/(U/L) | 29.00 (22.00, 37.75) | 26.00 (19.00, 43.00) | 1.261 | 0.207 |
| ALP/(U/L) | 117.00 (76.25, 141.25) | 89.50 (71.75, 128.25) | 1.450 | 0.147 |
| PCT/(μg/L) | 0.27 (0.13, 2.61) | 0.11 (0.05, 0.50) | 2.887 | 0.004 |
| PT/s | 12.90 (11.18, 14.85) | 12.40 (11.48, 14.23) | 0.830 | 0.407 |
| INR | 1.21 (1.04, 1.38) | 1.15 (1.07, 1.32) | 0.788 | 0.431 |
| D-dimer/(mg/L) | 0.71 (0.42, 1.23) | 0.68 (0.28, 1.49) | 1.677 | 0.094 |
| HbA1C/% | 6.07±0.75 | 6.34±0.72 | 0.312 | 0.756 |
| FBG/(mmol/L) | 5.79 (5.23, 7.54) | 6.10 (5.60, 7.20) | 0.538 | 0.591 |
Data are expressed as M(P25, P75) or $\bar x \pm s$. WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; HB, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; PLT, platelet; NEUT, neutrophil; TB, total bilirubin; Cr, creatinine; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartic transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; PCT, procalcitonin; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin; FBG, fasting blood glucose. |
2.4 两组菌株序列分型及毒力基因情况比较
表5 多部位感染组与单纯肺部感染组菌株序列分型及毒力基因比较Table 5 Comparison of sequence typing and virulence genes between the multi-site infection group and lung infection group |
| Items | Multi-site infection group (n=35) | Lung infection group (n=93) | χ2 | P |
| Sequence typing | 6.616 | 0.01 | ||
| ST11 | 20 (57.1) | 30 (32.3) | ||
| Non-ST11 | 15 (42.9) | 63 (67.7) | ||
| Virulence genes | ||||
| iucA | 19 (54.3) | 40 (43.0) | 1.301 | 0.254 |
| iroB | 6 (17.1) | 36 (38.7) | 5.365 | 0.021 |
| rmpA | 9 (25.7) | 38 (40.9) | 2.511 | 0.113 |
| rmpA2 | 16 (45.7) | 36 (38.7) | 0.517 | 0.472 |
| peg-344 | 9 (25.7) | 39 (41.9) | 2.855 | 0.091 |
| ybtA | 30 (85.7) | 61 (65.6) | 5.011 | 0.025 |
| irp1 | 30 (85.7) | 61 (65.6) | 5.011 | 0.025 |
| fyuA | 30 (85.7) | 61 (65.6) | 5.011 | 0.025 |
| String test | 12 (34.3) | 28 (30.1) | 0.207 | 0.649 |
| hvKP | 22 (62.9) | 62 (66.7) | 0.164 | 0.686 |
Data are expressed as n(%). The 15 non-ST11 cases in the multi-site infection group include 3 cases of ST23, 2 cases each of ST307, ST15, ST65, 1 case each of ST299, ST967, ST3336, ST375, ST792, ST395; the 63 non-ST11 cases in the lung infection group include 10 cases of ST23, 7 cases of ST412, 5 cases of ST86, 3 cases of ST307, 2 cases each of ST1049, ST22, ST25, ST592, 1 case each of ST1031, ST111, ST147, ST15, ST161, ST1699, ST17, ST1764, ST225, ST2513, ST273, ST280, ST299, ST3247, ST360, ST374, ST375, ST39, ST397, ST45, ST461, ST469, ST485, ST556, ST660, ST815, ST876, ST893, ST895, ST948. hvKP, hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. |
2.5 多部位感染组30 d内死亡的危险因素分析
表6 多部位感染存活组与死亡组多因素分析Table 6 Multivariate analysis of survivors and deaths in the multi-site infection group |
| Items | B | Standard error of B | Wald χ2 | P | OR |
| RBC | 6.229 | 4.929 | 1.597 | 0.206 | 507.157 |
| HB | -0.316 | 0.209 | 2.271 | 0.132 | 0.729 |
| PLT | -0.013 | 0.009 | 1.905 | 0.168 | 0.987 |
| D-dimer | 0.400 | 0.358 | 1.245 | 0.265 | 1.492 |
| Infectious shock | 3.651 | 1.819 | 4.027 | 0.045 | 38.510 |
| hvKP | -0.147 | 1.312 | 0.013 | 0.911 | 0.863 |
RBC, red blood cell; HB, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet; hvKP, hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. |
