1 资料与方法
1.1 研究人群和数据来源
1.2 统计学分析
2 结果
2.1 患者临床特征
表1 同时性多发早期胃癌患者漏诊的临床危险因素Table 1 Clinical risk factors of patients with missed SMEGC |
| Clinical characters | Concomitant patients (n=39) | Missed patients (n=18) | P value |
| Gender, n (%) | >0.999 | ||
| Male | 31 (79.5) | 14 (77.8) | |
| Female | 8 (20.5) | 4 (22.2) | |
| Age/year, $\bar x \pm s$ | 67.62±12.43 | 65.50±7.15 | 0.505 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 0.771 | ||
| No | 23 (59.0) | 12 (66.7) | |
| Yes | 16 (41.0) | 6 (33.3) | |
| Drinking history, n (%) | 0.365 | ||
| No | 24 (61.5) | 14 (77.8) | |
| Yes | 15 (38.5) | 4 (22.2) | |
| Family history of cancer, n (%) | >0.999 | ||
| No | 32 (82.1) | 15 (83.3) | |
| Yes | 7 (17.9) | 3 (16.7) | |
| History of other cancer, n (%) | 0.704 | ||
| No | 32 (82.1) | 16 (88.9) | |
| Yes | 7 (17.9) | 2 (11.1) | |
| Helicobacter pylori infection, n (%) | 0.554 | ||
| Negative | 18 (51.4) | 7 (38.9) | |
| Positive | 10 (28.6) | 8 (44.4) | |
| Negative after eradication | 7 (20.0) | 3 (16.7) | |
| Unknowna | 4 | 0 | |
| Xanthoma, n (%) | >0.999 | ||
| No | 34 (89.5) | 17 (94.4) | |
| Yes | 4 (10.5) | 1 (5.6) | |
| Unknowna | 1 | 0 | |
| OLGA, n (%) | 0.266 | ||
| 0 | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Ⅰ-Ⅱ | 27 (79.4) | 10 (62.5) | |
| Ⅲ-Ⅳ | 6 (17.6) | 6 (37.5) | |
| Unknowna | 5 | 2 | |
| OLGIM, n (%) | 0.826 | ||
| 0 | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Ⅰ-Ⅱ | 24 (68.6) | 10 (62.5) | |
| Ⅲ-Ⅳ | 10 (28.5) | 6 (37.5) | |
| Unknowna | 4 | 2 | |
| Autoimmune gastritis, n (%) | >0.999 | ||
| No | 37 (94.9) | 18 (100.0) | |
| Yes | 2 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Number of SMEGC lesion, $\bar x \pm s$ | 2.31±0.73 | 2.39±0.78 | 0.704 |
a, unknown values are not included in Fisher’ s exact test, so no percentages were reported. SMEGC, synchronous multiple early gastric cancer; OLGA, operative link for gastritis assessment; OLGIM, operative link for gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment. |
2.2 病灶的内镜病理特征
表2 同时性多发早期胃癌病灶内镜病理特点Table 2 Endoscopic pathological characteristics of lesions in SMEGC |
| Characters | Concomitant lesions(n=112) | Missed lesions(n=21) | P value of univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |
| P value | OR(95%CI) | ||||
| Longitudinal location, n (%) | 0.586 | ||||
| Upper | 26 (23.2) | 5 (23.8) | |||
| Middle | 31 (27.7) | 8 (38.1) | |||
| Lower | 55 (49.1) | 8 (38.1) | |||
| Cross-sectional location, n (%) | 0.081 | ||||
| Lesser curvature | 49 (43.8) | 10 (47.6) | |||
| Greater curvature | 29 (25.9) | 2 (9.5) | |||
| Anterior wall | 15 (13.3) | 1 (4.8) | |||
| Posterior wall | 19 (17.0) | 8 (38.1) | |||
| Macroscopic types, n (%) | 0.514 | ||||
| Elevated | 49 (43.8) | 7 (33.3) | |||
| Flat | 33 (29.5) | 9 (42.9) | |||
| Depressed | 30 (26.7) | 5 (23.8) | |||
| Ulcer, n (%) | >0.999 | ||||
| No | 88 (78.6) | 17 (81.0) | |||
| Yes | 24 (21.4) | 4 (19.0) | |||
| Nodularity, n (%) | 0.011 | ||||
| No | 97 (86.6) | 13 (61.9) | |||
| Yes | 15 (13.4) | 8 (38.1) | 0.001 | 7.40 (2.20, 24.88) | |
| Redness, n (%) | 0.560 | ||||
| No | 91 (81.3) | 16 (76.2) | |||
| Yes | 21 (18.7) | 5 (23.8) | |||
| Size/mm, $\bar x \pm s$ | 13.51±10.72 | 8.56±7.01 | 0.044 | 0.024 | 0.92 (0.86, 0.99) |
| Depth, n (%) | 0.243 | ||||
| Mucosa | 86 (76.8) | 19 (90.5) | |||
| Submucosa | 26 (23.2) | 2 (9.5) | 0.229 | 0.37 (0.07, 1.88) | |
| Degree of differentiation, n (%) | 0.566 | ||||
| Differentiated | 88 (78.6) | 18 (85.7) | |||
| Undifferentiated | 24 (21.4) | 3 (14.3) | 0.494 | 0.61 (0.15, 2.53) | |
| Lymphatic vascular invasion, n (%) | >0.999 | ||||
| No | 109 (97.3) | 21 (100.0) | |||
| Yes | 3 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | |||
SMEGC, synchronous multiple early gastric cancer. |
2.3 漏诊病灶与检出病灶的关联性分析
表3 检出病灶与漏诊病灶垂直分布的列联表Table 3 Contingency table of longitudinal location of detected and missed lesions |
| Characters | Missed lesions | Total | ||
| Upper | Middle | Lower | ||
| Concomitant lesions | ||||
| Upper | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| Middle | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 |
| Lower | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| Total | 4 | 7 | 7 | 18 |
表4 检出病灶与漏诊病灶水平分布的列联表Table 4 Contingency table of cross-sectional location of detected and missed lesions |
| Characters | Missed lesions | Total | |||
| Lesser curvature | Greater curvature | Anterior walla | Posterior wall | ||
| Concomitant lesions | |||||
| Lesser curvature | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| Greater curvature | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| Anterior wall | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Posterior wall | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| Total | 10 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 18 |
a, for patients with ≥1 concomitant or missed lesions, a single representative lesion is selected for analysis. Specifically, the lesion with the largest diameter or the deepest depth is chosen to construct the contingency table. |
表5 检出病灶与漏诊病灶大体形态的列联表Table 5 Contingency table of macroscopic types of detected and missed lesions |
| Characters | Missed lesions | Total | ||
| Elevated | Flat | Depressed | ||
| Concomitant lesions | ||||
| Elevated | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
| Flat | 1 | 5 | 2 | 8 |
| Depressed | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Total | 6 | 8 | 4 | 18 |
