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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 317-322. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.02.020

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Trends of prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years from 1985 to 2014

Yi SONG,Dong-mei LUO,Pei-jin HU,Xiao-jin YAN,Jing-shu ZHANG,Yuan-ting LEI,Bing ZHANG,Jun MA()   

  1. Peking University School of Public Health,The Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2019-01-08 Online:2020-04-18 Published:2020-04-18
  • Contact: Jun MA E-mail:majunt@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund Project, Ministry of Education, People’s Republic of China(19YJA890022)

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Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the trends of prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years from 1985 to 2014.Methods: In the study, 738 523 students aged 13 to 18 years were extracted from the 1985 to 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. Height, weight, vital capacity and indicators of physical fitness were measured for each student. According to National Standards for Students' Physical Health (2014 Revision), students meeting an overall score ≥ 90.0 were considered to be of excellent health status and physical fitness. We used the Chi-square test to compare the differences in prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among different subgroups and draw maps of regional distribution of prevalence by using ArcGIS.Results: From 1985 to 2014, the average height, weight, and BMI for Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years increased consistently, while the average vital capacity and indicators of physical fitness fluctuated largely. The overall prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness increased from 2.7% in 1985 to 4.4% in 1995, dropped consistently to 1.1% in 2005, rebounded 0.6 percentage points in 2010, and increased to 2.2% in 2014. In each survey year, the prevalence for the boys was always higher than for the girls (P<0.001), the prevalence for middle school students aged 13 to 15 years was always higher than for high school students aged 16-18 years (P<0.001), and the prevalence for students in eastern region was higher than in western and central regions (P<0.001). In 1985 and 1995, the prevalence in certain provinces in eastern and central regions was <1%. In 2005, almost half provinces (14/30) had a prevalence <1%. In 2014, provinces in eastern coastal areas had relatively high prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness in students aged 13 to 18 years, while provinces in central and western regions had relatively low prevalence.Conclusion: A fluctuating trend of the prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness has been observed among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years during the past three decades. There is great difference between the current prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness and the goal of Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan, thus, the effective interventions and strategies for promoting students' physical activity and physical fitness are urgently needed in China.

Key words: Body constitution, Health status, Physical fitness, Physical activity, Students

CLC Number: 

  • R179

Table 1

Demographic and anthropometric characteristics of participants from 1985 to 2014"

Characteristics 1985 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 χ2/F P
N=204 537 N=103 232 N=104 396 N=114 330 N=106 208 N=105 820
Location, n(%) 30.42 <0.00a
Urban 102 008 (49.9) 52 482(50.8) 52 484(50.3) 57 177(50.0) 53 017(49.9) 52 887(50.0)
Rural 102 529(50.1) 50 750(49.2) 51 912(49.7) 57 153(50.0) 53 191(50.1) 52 933(50.0)
Gender, n(%) 14.96 0.011
Boys 102 389(50.1) 52 206(50.6) 52 250(50.0) 57 163(50.0) 52 850(49.8) 52 903(50.0)
Girls 102 148(49.9) 51 026(49.4) 52 146(50.0) 57 167 (50.0) 53 358(50.2) 52 917(50.0)
Age group, n(%) 82.24 <0.001a
13- 34 226 (16.7) 17 236(16.7) 175 550(16.8) 19 026(16.6) 17 496(16.5) 17 800(16.8)
14- 34 231(16.7) 17 276(16.7) 17 640(16.9) 18 944(16.6) 17 734(16.7) 17 818(16.8)
15- 34 227(16.7) 17 292(16.8) 17 667(16.9) 19 553(17.1) 17 771(16.7) 17 841(16.9)
16- 34 228(16.7) 17 135(16.6) 17 689(16.9) 19 420(17.0) 17 750(16.7) 17 831(16.9)
17- 34 182(16.7) 17 226(16.7) 17 464(16.7) 19 275(16.9) 17 777(16.7) 17 867(16.9)
18- 33 443(16.4) 17 067(16.5) 16 386(15.7) 18 112(15.8) 17 680(16.6) 16 663(15.7)
Region, n(%) 2 426.72 <0.001a
East 73 008(35.7) 40 318(39.1) 43 376(41.5) 42 691(37.3) 38 968(36.7) 38 411(36.3)
Central 58 237(28.5) 30 115(29.2) 28 469(27.3) 28 491(24.9) 28 342(26.7) 28 461(26.9)
West 73 292(35.8) 32 799(31.8) 32 551(31.2) 43 148(37.7) 38 898(36.6) 38 948(36.8)
Height/cm 158.6±8.6 160.9±8.4 161.7±8.7 162.3±8.7 163.1±8.6 163.9±8.6 7 194.16 <0.001a
Weight/kg 47.7±8.0 50.1±8.8 51.3±10.0 52.1±10.5 53.4±10.6 55.3±11.6 10 502.60 <0.001a
BMI/(kg/m2) 18.9±2.1 19.3±2.4 19.5±2.8 19.7±2.9 20.0±3.0 20.5±3.3 5 903.04 <0.001a
Vital capacity/mL 3 036±751 2 905±774 2 884±801 2 598±850 2 697±878 2 845±914 5 118.02 <0.001a
50 m dash/s 8.8±1.0 8.5±1.0 8.6±1.1 8.8±1.3 8.8±1.3 8.8±1.3 928.98 <0.001a
Sit and reach/cm 10.6±6.1 10.6±6.4 10.8±5.5 10.7±7.2 11.1±7.1 10.7±7.4 100.78 <0.001a
Standing long jump/cm 181.9±30.5 194.1±31.2 192.1±32.5 188.4±33.4 189.0±34.5 187.1±34.4 2 509.99 <0.001a
Pull ups (boys) 5±4 6±5 5±5 4±4 4±5 3±4 3 387.91 <0.001a
1 min sit-ups (girls) 23±10 33±10 33±10 29±10 28±10 31±10 11 253.05 <0.001a
Endurance run (boys)/s 246.0±25.8 250.0±28.6 260.9±36.5 272.3±38.4 271.6±39.0 274.4±41.2 8 826.92 <0.001a
Endurance run (girls)/s 235.7±25.1 238.4±26.1 250.6±30.9 262.0±32.5 260.9±32.8 261.6±34.2 11 080.56 <0.001a

Table 2

The prevalence of meeting physical fitness standards of excellent overall and stratified by urban/rural areas and sex from 1985 to 2014 /%"

Year Urban boys Rural boys Urban girls Rural girls Total
1985 3.8 2.5 2.2 2.3b 2.7
1995 5.5 5.6 3.3 3.2b 4.4
2000 3.3 3.7 1.8 1.8b 2.6
2005 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.4c 1.1
2010 2.5 2.5 1.1 0.7c 1.7
2014 2.4 2.8 2.0 1.7c 2.2
χ2 815.69 940.47 598.97 856.95 2882.38
P <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a

Table 3

The prevalence of meeting physical fitness standards of excellent stratified by age and sex from 1985 to 2014 /%"

Sex/Year 13- 14- 15- 13-15 16- 17- 18- 16-18
Boys
1985 3.3 4.6 4.4 4.1b 2.6 2.4 1.5 2.2
1995 7.8 8.7 7.4 8.0b 4.0 3.3 2.0 3.1
2000 4.0 5.1 5.1 4.7b 3.0 2.4 1.2 2.2
2005 2.5 2.7 1.5 2.2b 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.8
2010 2.9 4.7 3.3 3.6b 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.4
2014 4.0 5.1 3.6 4.2b 1.3 1.1 0.5 1.0
χ2 423.11 354.71 450.44 1 157.66 237.91 228.22 140.11 583.99
P <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a
Girls
1985 4.6 3.1 2.0 3.2b 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.3
1995 6.6 4.3 3.4 4.8b 2.4 1.5 1.3 1.7
2000 3.4 2.7 1.7 2.6b 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.9
2005 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.8b 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3
2010 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.3b 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5
2014 3.9 2.9 1.9 2.9b 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7
χ2 523.85 280.52 265.45 1 050.55 211.53 161.19 74.60 414.60
P <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a
Total
1985 4.0 3.9 3.2 3.7b 2.0 1.9 1.2 1.7
1995 7.2 6.5 5.4 6.4b 3.2 2.4 1.6 2.4
2000 3.7 3.9 3.4 3.7b 2.1 1.6 0.9 1.6
2005 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.5b 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6
2010 2.2 3.1 2.1 2.5b 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.9
2014 4.0 4.0 2.7 3.6b 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.8
χ2 854.05 582.31 693.22 2 073.67 421.23 370.25 210.78 961.44
P <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a

Figure 1

Sketch map of the prevalence of meeting physical fitness standards of excellent among Han students aged 13 to 18 years in China from 1985 to 2014 A, 1985; B, 1995; C, 2000; D, 2005, E, 2010; F, 2014."

Table 4

The prevalence of meeting physical fitness standards of excellent stratified by region from 1985 to 2014 /%"

Year Boys Girls Total
East Central West East Central West East Central West
1985 4.5b 2.6 2.2 3.5b 1.7 1.5 4.0b 2.2 1.9
1995 8.1b 3.8 4.0 4.9b 1.6 2.7 6.5b 2.7 3.3
2000 4.8b 2.1 2.9 2.9b 0.9 1.1 3.8b 1.5 2.0
2005 1.9b 1.5 1.2 0.9b 0.4 0.4 1.4b 0.9 0.8
2010 4.0b 1.9 1.4 1.4b 0.7 0.6 2.7b 1.3 1.0
2014 4.7b 1.6 1.3 3.5b 1.1 0.7 4.1b 1.4 1.0
χ2 942.99 239.68 520.19 794.31 22.00 575.74 1 639.71 395.00 1 024.87
P <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a
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