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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 341-347. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2021.02.019

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Investigation and validation of magnetic resonance white matter atlas for 0 to 2 years old infants

HU Di,ZHANG Miao,KANG Hui-ying,PENG Yun()   

  1. Department of Radiology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
  • Received:2019-01-26 Online:2021-04-18 Published:2021-04-21
  • Contact: Yun PENG E-mail:ppengyun@hotmail.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671651);Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme(QML20181203)

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Abstract:

Objective: To construct and verify a standard template of white matter based on Chinese normal 0 to 2 years old infants by using nonlinear high registration accuracy of non-rigid diffeomorphism paradigm (large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping, LDDMM). Methods: Full-term spontaneous labor children without maternal pregnancy disease (hypertension, diabetes, etc.), intrauterine hypoxia and ischemia, head trauma, intracranial infection, intracranial surgery history, family history of mental disorders were selected. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from the 120 normal Chinese infants under 2 years old were acquired after excluding the existence of neurological diseases revealed by neurologists, radiologists and Gesell Developmental Scale. All the data were divided into six groups including group A:1 day to 1.5 months, group B: 1.5 to 4.5 months, group C: 4.5 to 9.0 months, group D: 9 to 15 months, group E: 15 to 21 months,and group F: 21 to 24 months. Data pre-processing,normalizing, tensor fitting and calculation of all the images were performed by using MRlcron,DtiStudio, DiffeoMap and SPM software package combined with LDDMM image registration method based on the selected single template of each group. And the average templates of each group were constructed by MATLAB software platform. The set of templates included fractional anisotropy figure (FA), color map, T1 weighted image, b0 image and the mean of all DWfs figures. Results: The templates of FA, T1, b0, DWfs and color map for the normal brain magnetic resonance white matter development of the Chinese infants aged 0 to 2 years were successfully established with the subjective scores exceeding 2 points. The objective evaluation root mean squared error was controlled below 0.19, and the cubic chart of brain alternation trend for the children aged 0 to 2 years was consistent with previous literature. Conclusion: Constructing a standard template of white matter based on Chinese normal infants, by using nonlinear high registration accuracy of non-rigid diffeomorphism paradigm provides not only a foundation of further research on brain development, mechanism and treatment of pediatric diseases associated with brain, but also objective and fair imaging information for medical education and research.

Key words: Diffusion tension imaging, Infant, White matter template

CLC Number: 

  • R179

Figure 1

Linear registration: steps of linear registration"

Figure 2

Nonlinear registration: steps of nonlinear registration."

Figure 3

T1 weighted image registration: steps of T1 weighted image registration"

Figure 4

Mean-template of each group A, 1 d to 1.5 months; B, 1.5 to 4.5 months; C, 4.5 to 9.0 months; D, 9 to 15 months; E, 15 to 21 months; F, 21 to 24 months. First row is color map, second row is FA figure, third row is T1 weighted image, fourth row is mean of all DWfs,fifth row is b0 figure."

Figure 5

Single-template of each group A, 1 d to 1.5 months; B, 1.5 to 4.5 months; C, 4.5 to 9.0 months; D, 9 to 15 months; E, 15 to 21 months; F, 21 to 24 months. First row is color map, second row is FA figure, third row is T1 weighted image, fourth row is mean of all DWfs,fifth row is b0 figure."

Figure 6

Selected level for subjective evaluation First row (left to right) are axials of frontal lobe, centrum semiovale, basal ganglia region and cerebral peduncle. Second row are median coronal section and median sagittal section."

Table 1

Rules for template subjective evaluation"

Grade General appearance Characteristic brain gyrus Lateral ventricle structure Basal ganglia region Corpus callosum
1 The general appearance is different, the image distortion is serious The gyri is distorted and misaligned Midline offset, lateral ventricle asymmetry distortion The basal ganglia region is distorted and the structure is asymmetrical Partial planes cannot be observed and the corpus callosum is displaced
2 The general appearanc is basically in line with the partial level slightly distorted deformation Part of the gyri are slightly distorted The middle line is centered, part of the lateral ventricle edge is slightly distorted The basal ganglia region shows a slightly distorted edge Corpus callosum is well formed with a slightly distorted
edge
3 The general appearanc is consistent without obvious distortion Gyri are well delineated The middle line is centered, lateral ventricles are symmetrical,no edge distortion Basal ganglia region is well delineated Corpus callosum is well delineated

Table 2

Grade of FA templates"

Items A B C D E F
Doctor a
General appearance 2 2 3 3 3 3
Characteristic brain gyrus 2 2 2 3 3 3
Lateral ventricle structure 2 2 2 3 3 3
Basal ganglia region 2 3 3 3 3 3
Corpus callosum 3 3 3 3 3 3
Doctor b
General appearance 2 2 3 3 3 3
Characteristic brain gyrus 2 2 2 3 3 3
Lateral ventricle structure 2 2 3 3 3 3
Basal ganglia region 2 3 2 3 3 3
Corpus callosum 3 3 3 3 3 3

Table 3

Grade of T1 templates"

Items A B C D E F
Doctor a
General appearance 3 3 3 3 3 3
Characteristic brain gyrus 2 2 2 3 3 3
Lateral ventricle structure 2 3 3 3 3 3
Basal ganglia region 2 3 3 3 3 3
Corpus callosum 3 3 3 3 3 3
Doctor b
General appearance 3 3 3 3 3 3
Characteristic brain gyrus 2 2 2 3 3 3
Lateral ventricle structure 2 3 3 3 3 3
Basal ganglia region 2 3 3 3 3 3
Corpus callosum 3 3 3 3 3 3

Table 4

Root mean squared error (RMSE) of template"

Group 1 d to 1.5 months 1.5 to 4.5 months 4.5 to 9.0 months 9 to 15 months 15 to 21 months 21 to 24 months
RMSE_FA 0.110 9 0.149 8 0.184 8 0.155 9 0.148 0 0.175 6
RMSE_MD 0.000 9 0.001 0 0.001 0 0.000 8 0.000 9 0.000 8
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