Email Alert | RSS

Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 317-322. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.02.020

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Trends of prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years from 1985 to 2014

Yi SONG,Dong-mei LUO,Pei-jin HU,Xiao-jin YAN,Jing-shu ZHANG,Yuan-ting LEI,Bing ZHANG,Jun MA()   

  1. Peking University School of Public Health,The Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2019-01-08 Online:2020-04-18 Published:2020-04-18
  • Contact: Jun MA E-mail:majunt@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund Project, Ministry of Education, People’s Republic of China(19YJA890022)

RICH HTML

   

PDF (PC)

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the trends of prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years from 1985 to 2014.Methods: In the study, 738 523 students aged 13 to 18 years were extracted from the 1985 to 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. Height, weight, vital capacity and indicators of physical fitness were measured for each student. According to National Standards for Students' Physical Health (2014 Revision), students meeting an overall score ≥ 90.0 were considered to be of excellent health status and physical fitness. We used the Chi-square test to compare the differences in prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among different subgroups and draw maps of regional distribution of prevalence by using ArcGIS.Results: From 1985 to 2014, the average height, weight, and BMI for Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years increased consistently, while the average vital capacity and indicators of physical fitness fluctuated largely. The overall prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness increased from 2.7% in 1985 to 4.4% in 1995, dropped consistently to 1.1% in 2005, rebounded 0.6 percentage points in 2010, and increased to 2.2% in 2014. In each survey year, the prevalence for the boys was always higher than for the girls (P<0.001), the prevalence for middle school students aged 13 to 15 years was always higher than for high school students aged 16-18 years (P<0.001), and the prevalence for students in eastern region was higher than in western and central regions (P<0.001). In 1985 and 1995, the prevalence in certain provinces in eastern and central regions was <1%. In 2005, almost half provinces (14/30) had a prevalence <1%. In 2014, provinces in eastern coastal areas had relatively high prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness in students aged 13 to 18 years, while provinces in central and western regions had relatively low prevalence.Conclusion: A fluctuating trend of the prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness has been observed among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years during the past three decades. There is great difference between the current prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness and the goal of Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan, thus, the effective interventions and strategies for promoting students' physical activity and physical fitness are urgently needed in China.

Key words: Body constitution, Health status, Physical fitness, Physical activity, Students

CLC Number: 

  • R179

Table 1

Demographic and anthropometric characteristics of participants from 1985 to 2014"

Characteristics 1985 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 χ2/F P
N=204 537 N=103 232 N=104 396 N=114 330 N=106 208 N=105 820
Location, n(%) 30.42 <0.00a
Urban 102 008 (49.9) 52 482(50.8) 52 484(50.3) 57 177(50.0) 53 017(49.9) 52 887(50.0)
Rural 102 529(50.1) 50 750(49.2) 51 912(49.7) 57 153(50.0) 53 191(50.1) 52 933(50.0)
Gender, n(%) 14.96 0.011
Boys 102 389(50.1) 52 206(50.6) 52 250(50.0) 57 163(50.0) 52 850(49.8) 52 903(50.0)
Girls 102 148(49.9) 51 026(49.4) 52 146(50.0) 57 167 (50.0) 53 358(50.2) 52 917(50.0)
Age group, n(%) 82.24 <0.001a
13- 34 226 (16.7) 17 236(16.7) 175 550(16.8) 19 026(16.6) 17 496(16.5) 17 800(16.8)
14- 34 231(16.7) 17 276(16.7) 17 640(16.9) 18 944(16.6) 17 734(16.7) 17 818(16.8)
15- 34 227(16.7) 17 292(16.8) 17 667(16.9) 19 553(17.1) 17 771(16.7) 17 841(16.9)
16- 34 228(16.7) 17 135(16.6) 17 689(16.9) 19 420(17.0) 17 750(16.7) 17 831(16.9)
17- 34 182(16.7) 17 226(16.7) 17 464(16.7) 19 275(16.9) 17 777(16.7) 17 867(16.9)
18- 33 443(16.4) 17 067(16.5) 16 386(15.7) 18 112(15.8) 17 680(16.6) 16 663(15.7)
Region, n(%) 2 426.72 <0.001a
East 73 008(35.7) 40 318(39.1) 43 376(41.5) 42 691(37.3) 38 968(36.7) 38 411(36.3)
Central 58 237(28.5) 30 115(29.2) 28 469(27.3) 28 491(24.9) 28 342(26.7) 28 461(26.9)
West 73 292(35.8) 32 799(31.8) 32 551(31.2) 43 148(37.7) 38 898(36.6) 38 948(36.8)
Height/cm 158.6±8.6 160.9±8.4 161.7±8.7 162.3±8.7 163.1±8.6 163.9±8.6 7 194.16 <0.001a
Weight/kg 47.7±8.0 50.1±8.8 51.3±10.0 52.1±10.5 53.4±10.6 55.3±11.6 10 502.60 <0.001a
BMI/(kg/m2) 18.9±2.1 19.3±2.4 19.5±2.8 19.7±2.9 20.0±3.0 20.5±3.3 5 903.04 <0.001a
Vital capacity/mL 3 036±751 2 905±774 2 884±801 2 598±850 2 697±878 2 845±914 5 118.02 <0.001a
50 m dash/s 8.8±1.0 8.5±1.0 8.6±1.1 8.8±1.3 8.8±1.3 8.8±1.3 928.98 <0.001a
Sit and reach/cm 10.6±6.1 10.6±6.4 10.8±5.5 10.7±7.2 11.1±7.1 10.7±7.4 100.78 <0.001a
Standing long jump/cm 181.9±30.5 194.1±31.2 192.1±32.5 188.4±33.4 189.0±34.5 187.1±34.4 2 509.99 <0.001a
Pull ups (boys) 5±4 6±5 5±5 4±4 4±5 3±4 3 387.91 <0.001a
1 min sit-ups (girls) 23±10 33±10 33±10 29±10 28±10 31±10 11 253.05 <0.001a
Endurance run (boys)/s 246.0±25.8 250.0±28.6 260.9±36.5 272.3±38.4 271.6±39.0 274.4±41.2 8 826.92 <0.001a
Endurance run (girls)/s 235.7±25.1 238.4±26.1 250.6±30.9 262.0±32.5 260.9±32.8 261.6±34.2 11 080.56 <0.001a

Table 2

The prevalence of meeting physical fitness standards of excellent overall and stratified by urban/rural areas and sex from 1985 to 2014 /%"

Year Urban boys Rural boys Urban girls Rural girls Total
1985 3.8 2.5 2.2 2.3b 2.7
1995 5.5 5.6 3.3 3.2b 4.4
2000 3.3 3.7 1.8 1.8b 2.6
2005 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.4c 1.1
2010 2.5 2.5 1.1 0.7c 1.7
2014 2.4 2.8 2.0 1.7c 2.2
χ2 815.69 940.47 598.97 856.95 2882.38
P <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a

Table 3

The prevalence of meeting physical fitness standards of excellent stratified by age and sex from 1985 to 2014 /%"

Sex/Year 13- 14- 15- 13-15 16- 17- 18- 16-18
Boys
1985 3.3 4.6 4.4 4.1b 2.6 2.4 1.5 2.2
1995 7.8 8.7 7.4 8.0b 4.0 3.3 2.0 3.1
2000 4.0 5.1 5.1 4.7b 3.0 2.4 1.2 2.2
2005 2.5 2.7 1.5 2.2b 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.8
2010 2.9 4.7 3.3 3.6b 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.4
2014 4.0 5.1 3.6 4.2b 1.3 1.1 0.5 1.0
χ2 423.11 354.71 450.44 1 157.66 237.91 228.22 140.11 583.99
P <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a
Girls
1985 4.6 3.1 2.0 3.2b 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.3
1995 6.6 4.3 3.4 4.8b 2.4 1.5 1.3 1.7
2000 3.4 2.7 1.7 2.6b 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.9
2005 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.8b 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3
2010 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.3b 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5
2014 3.9 2.9 1.9 2.9b 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7
χ2 523.85 280.52 265.45 1 050.55 211.53 161.19 74.60 414.60
P <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a
Total
1985 4.0 3.9 3.2 3.7b 2.0 1.9 1.2 1.7
1995 7.2 6.5 5.4 6.4b 3.2 2.4 1.6 2.4
2000 3.7 3.9 3.4 3.7b 2.1 1.6 0.9 1.6
2005 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.5b 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6
2010 2.2 3.1 2.1 2.5b 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.9
2014 4.0 4.0 2.7 3.6b 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.8
χ2 854.05 582.31 693.22 2 073.67 421.23 370.25 210.78 961.44
P <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a

Figure 1

Sketch map of the prevalence of meeting physical fitness standards of excellent among Han students aged 13 to 18 years in China from 1985 to 2014 A, 1985; B, 1995; C, 2000; D, 2005, E, 2010; F, 2014."

Table 4

The prevalence of meeting physical fitness standards of excellent stratified by region from 1985 to 2014 /%"

Year Boys Girls Total
East Central West East Central West East Central West
1985 4.5b 2.6 2.2 3.5b 1.7 1.5 4.0b 2.2 1.9
1995 8.1b 3.8 4.0 4.9b 1.6 2.7 6.5b 2.7 3.3
2000 4.8b 2.1 2.9 2.9b 0.9 1.1 3.8b 1.5 2.0
2005 1.9b 1.5 1.2 0.9b 0.4 0.4 1.4b 0.9 0.8
2010 4.0b 1.9 1.4 1.4b 0.7 0.6 2.7b 1.3 1.0
2014 4.7b 1.6 1.3 3.5b 1.1 0.7 4.1b 1.4 1.0
χ2 942.99 239.68 520.19 794.31 22.00 575.74 1 639.71 395.00 1 024.87
P <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a <0.001a
[1] 中共中央国务院."健康中国2030"规划纲要[EB/OL].( 2016- 10- 25)[2018-12-04]. .
[2] Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Santelli JS , et al. Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing[J]. Lancet, 2016,387(10036):2423-2478.
[3] Utesch T, Dreiskämper D, Strauss B , et al. The development of the physical fitness construct across childhood[J]. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2018,28(1):212-219.
[4] Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM . Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health- related research[J]. Public Health Rep, 1985,100(2):126-131.
[5] 中国学生体质健康调研组. 1985年中国学生体质与健康研究[M]. 北京: 人民教育出版社, 1987: 4-6.
[6] 中国学生体质健康研究组. 1995年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M]. 长春: 吉林科学技术出版社, 1997: 3-4.
[7] 中国学生体质健康研究组. 2000年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2002: 3-4.
[8] 中国学生体质健康研究组. 2005年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2007: 8-9.
[9] 中国学生体质健康研究组. 2010年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2012: 4-5.
[10] 中国学生体质健康研究组. 2014年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2016: 4-5.
[11] 中华人民共和国教育部.教育部关于印发《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》的通知[EB/OL]. ( 2014- 07- 07) [2018-12-18]. .
[12] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.东西中部和东北地区划分方法[EB/OL].( 2011- 06- 13)[2018-12-18]. .
[13] Zhu Z, Yang Y, Kong Z , et al. Prevalence of physical fitness in Chinese school-aged children: findings from the 2016 physical activity and fitness in China: the youth study[J]. J Sport Health Sci, 2017,6(4):395-400.
[14] 宋逸, 张芯, 杨土保 , 等. 2010年全国中小学生体育锻炼行为现状及原因分析[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2012,44(3):276-283.
[15] 王政和, 董彦会, 宋逸 , 等. 中国2014年9~22岁学生体育锻炼时间不足1小时的流行现状与影响因素分析[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2017,38(3):341-345.
[16] Chen ST, Liu Y, Hong JT , et al. Co-existence of physical activity and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents in Shanghai, China: do gender and age matter[J]. BMC Public Health, 2018,18(1):1287.
[17] Welk GJ, Saint-Maurice PF, Csányi T . Health-related physical fitness in hungarian youth: age, sex, and regional profiles[J]. Res Q Exerc Sport, 2015,86(Suppl 1):S45-S57.
[18] 杨忠平, 董彦会, 王政和 , 等. 中国汉族中学生2014年与2010年体质健康比较[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2017,38(6):806-808.
[19] 宋逸, 雷园婷, 胡佩瑾 , 等. 2014年全国汉族中小学生身体素质现况分析[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2018,50(3):436-442.
[20] Wang DF . Improving school physical education to increase physical activity and promote healthy growth of Chinese school-aged children: time for action[J]. J Sport Health Sci, 2017,6(4):384-385.
[1] Mingjia YANG, Jiangxue WU, Jing WANG, Yang LIU, Zhongmin LI, Jingjing LI, Hongtian LI, Yubo ZHOU, Jianmeng LIU. A population-based survey of myopia on primary school students in an administrative district, 2019 to 2024 [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2026, 58(3): 513-519.
[2] Lili LU, Jiaxing LI, Tianyu HUANG, Ruolan YANG, Yunfei LIU, Jiajia DANG, Shan CAI, Ziyue SUN, Meizhu LIU, Yang YANG, Kaiheng ZHU, Yi SONG. Analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2022 [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2026, 58(3): 520-527.
[3] Jiaqi GAO, Wenpeng LI, Xiaoyi LI, Yinxi TAN, Yixin LI, Liping DUAN, Tao WU, Dafang CHEN, Yonghua HU, Mengying WANG. Association between wearable-derived physical activity patterns and gut microbiota in older adults [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2026, 58(3): 551-559.
[4] Shuo ZHANG, Yongbing LAN, Dianjianyi SUN, Pei PEI, Huaidong DU, Junshi CHEN, Zhengming CHEN, Jun LV, Liming LI, Canqing YU, (for the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group). Prospective association between physical activity and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2025, 57(3): 537-544.
[5] Chengyue LI, Hao WANG, ALIMUJIANG·Yimiti·tarken. Secular trend in growth of Uygur primary and middle school students aged 7-18 years in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019 [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2024, 56(5): 802-808.
[6] Shan CAI,Yihang ZHANG,Ziyue CHEN,Yunfe LIU,Jiajia DANG,Di SHI,Jiaxin LI,Tianyu HUANG,Jun MA,Yi SONG. Status and pathways of factors influencing physical activity time among elementary and junior high school students in Beijing [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2024, 56(3): 403-410.
[7] Weimin LI,Zufeiya TUERDI. Comparative research on the relationship between body mass index and physical fitness index among the Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic college students [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2024, 56(3): 411-417.
[8] Zuhong ZHANG,Tianjiao CHEN,Jun MA. Associations between puberty timing and cardiovascular metabolic risk factors among primary and secondary students [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2024, 56(3): 418-423.
[9] Xiao-jin YAN,Yun-fei LIU,Ning MA,Jia-jia DANG,Jing-shu ZHANG,Pan-liang ZHONG,Pei-jin HU,Yi SONG,Jun MA. Assessment of prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese primary and secondary school students and analysis of policy effect during the period of the Program for the Development of Chinese Children 2011-2020 [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2023, 55(4): 593-599.
[10] Yi-hua LIU, Qing-ping YUN, Lan-chao ZHANG, Xiao-yue ZHANG, Yu-ting LIN, Fang-jing LIU, Zhi-jie ZHENG, Chun CHANG. Joint association of sedentary behavior and physical activity on anxiety tendency among occupational population in China [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2022, 54(3): 490-497.
[11] DONG Yan-hui,CHEN Man-man,WANG Li-ping,XING Yi,SONG Yi,ZOU Zhi-yong,DONG Bin,LI Zhong-jie,MA Jun. Epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases of group A, B and C among Chinese students’ population [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2021, 53(3): 498-505.
[12] LI Yuan-cheng, CUI Wen-xin, GUO Xue-er, ZHU Fan, LIU Si-chen, JIA Bi-bo, WANG Pei, MA Ying-hua. Comparison of acquired immure deficiency syndrome-related knowledge and behavior between persons with and without human immunodeficiency virus-infection among young male students who have sex with men [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2021, 53(3): 511-517.
[13] PENG Shun-zhuang, FU Xi-xi, FENG Xing-lin. Association between education and the onset of disability in activities of daily living in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: The mediator role of social participation [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2021, 53(3): 549-554.
[14] Shuang-jia WANG,Ting-ting WANG,Jun-bo WANG. Nutritional knowledge, attitudes and dietary behaviors of teachers and students in a medical college in Beijing and their influencing factors [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2020, 52(5): 881-885.
[15] Xiao-na NA,Zhu ZHU,Yang-yang CHEN,Dong-ping WANG,Hao-jie WANG,Yang SONG,Xiao-chuan MA,Pei-yu WANG,Ai-ping LIU. Associations of distribution of time spent in physical activity and sedentary behavior with obesity [J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2020, 52(3): 486-491.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright © Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), All Rights Reserved.
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd