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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 343-350. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2023.02.021

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Preliminary evaluation of the trueness of 5 chairside 3D facial scanning techniques

Ao-nan WEN1,2,Wei LIU3,Da-wei LIU4,Yu-jia ZHU2,Ning XIAO2,Yong WANG1,2,*(),Yi-jiao ZHAO1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
    2. Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
    3. Yinchuan Stomatology Hospital, Yinchuan 750004, China
    4. Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2021-07-15 Online:2023-04-18 Published:2023-04-12
  • Contact: Yong WANG,Yi-jiao ZHAO E-mail:kqcadc@bjmu.edu.cn;kqcadcs@bjmu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective: To quantitatively evaluate the trueness of five chairside three-dimensional facial scanning techniques, and to provide reference for the application of oral clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The three-dimensional facial data of the subjects were collected by the traditional professional three-dimensional facial scanner Face Scan, which was used as the reference data of this study. Four kinds of portable three-dimensional facial scanners (including Space Spider, LEO, EVA and DS-FScan) and iPhone Ⅹ mobile phone (Bellus3D facial scanning APP) were used to collect three-dimensional facial data from the subjects. In Geomagic Studio 2013 software, through data registration, deviation analysis and other functions, the overall three-dimensional deviation and facial partition three-dimensional deviation of the above five chairside three-dimensional facial scanning technologies were calculated, and their trueness performance evaluated. Scanning time was recorded during the scanning process, and the subject's comfort was scored by visual analogue scale(VAS). The scanning efficiency and patient acceptance of the five three-dimensional facial scanning techniques were evaluated. Results: DS-FScan had the smallest mean overall and mean partition three-dimensional deviation between the test data and the reference data, which were 0.334 mm and 0.329 mm, respectively. The iPhone Ⅹ mobile phone had the largest mean overall and mean partition three-dimensional deviation between the test data and the reference data, which were 0.483 mm and 0.497 mm, respectively. The detailed features of the three-dimensional facial data obtained by Space Spider were the best. The iPhone Ⅹ mobile phone had the highest scanning efficiency and the highest acceptance by the subject. The average scanning time of the iPhone Ⅹ mobile phone was 14 s, and the VAS score of the subjects' scanning comfort was 9 points. Conclusion: Among the five chairside three-dimensional face scanning technologies, the trueness of the scan data of the four portable devices had no significant difference, and they were all better than the iPhone Ⅹ mobile phone scan. The subject with the iPhone Ⅹ scanning technology had the best expe-rience.

Key words: Face, Three-dimensional imaging, Computer-assisted image processing

CLC Number: 

  • R780.4

Table 1

Parameters of 5 chairside three-dimensional facial scanners"

Device Weight/kg Nominal precision/mm Light source Scanning principle
Space Spider 0.85 0.05 Blue LED Structured light scanning
LEO 1.80 0.10 Laser Structured light scanning
EVA 0.85 0.10 White light Structured light scanning
DS-FScan 1.13 0.10 White LED Structured light scanning
iPhone Ⅹ 0.18 N/A Infrared light Dot matrix projection

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of different three-dimensional facial scanning techniques for three-dimensional facial scanning A, three-dimensional facial scanner Face Scan scanning process diagram; B, portable three-dimensional facial scanning process diagram; C, iPhone Ⅹ mobile phone three-dimensional facial scanning process diagram."

Figure 2

Schematic diagram of facial partition of three-dimensional facial data 1, upper face; 2, right zygomatic area; 3, nasal area; 4, left zygomatic area; 5, right buccal area; 6, oral chin area; 7, left buccal area."

Figure 3

Color difference map between test data and reference data A, overall color difference map between test data and reference data; B, color difference map of the upper face area between test data and reference data."

Table 2

Average partition root mean square of chairside three-dimensional facial scan data  /mm"

Device U_F Zg_R Nasal Zg_L Bu_R O_Ch Bu_L ${\bar x}$±s
Space Spider 0.212 0.316 0.413 0.271 0.302 0.563 0.344 0.346±0.114
LEO 0.249 0.439 0.352 0.314 0.421 0.554 0.401 0.390±0.098
EVA 0.219 0.529 0.336 0.369 0.437 0.322 0.404 0.374±0.098
DS-FScan 0.185 0.365 0.287 0.371 0.316 0.436 0.343 0.329±0.079
iPhone Ⅹ 0.378 0.431 0.617 0.388 0.749 0.521 0.397 0.497±0.141

Table 3

Average scanning time of chairside three-dimensional facial scanner and evaluation of subject' s comfort"

Device Average scanning time/s Evaluation of comfort
Space Spider 39 7
LEO 17 8
EVA 53 5
DS-FScan 31 7
iPhone Ⅹ 14 9

Figure 4

Comparison of the effect of 5 chairside three-dimensional facial scanners on scanning the morphological characteristics of the lip A, Space Spider; B, DS-FScan; C, LEO; D, EVA; E, iPhone Ⅹ."

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