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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2): 347-353. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2025.02.020

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Correlation analysis of peri-implant health after single-tooth dental implant

Fangru LIN1, Zhihui TANG2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-10-04 Online:2025-04-18 Published:2025-04-12
  • Contact: Zhihui TANG E-mail:tang_zhihui@live.cn

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Abstract:

Objective: To observe the long-term health condition of the single-tooth dental implant at the first molar site, and to evaluate the related factors affecting the peri-implant health. Methods: In this study, 82 patients who were treated in the Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hos-pital of Stomatology from January 2008 to December 2020 were enrolled. Peri-implant tissue conditions were assessed by clinical and radiographic examination. The peri-implant probing depth (PPD), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), modified plaque index (mPLI) and papilla index (PI) were recorded for 278 implants. The X-ray analysis included the restoration emergence angle (REA), the clinical crown-implant ratio (cC/I), the horizontal tooth-implant distance (HTID), the contact point level (CPL) and the embrasure surface area (ESA), etc. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and generalized estimation equation were used for statistical analysis. Results: The average age of the patients was (40.2±9.5) years (19 to 84 years), with 33 males and 49 females. The follow-up time was (4.9±3.3) years (1 to 10 years). According to the diagnostic criteria in 2018, the prevalence of peri-implantitis in this study was 14.03% on the implant level and 21.95% on the patient level. The peri-implant health rate was 19.06% on the implant level and 18.29% on the patient level. The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis was 66.91% on the implant level and 59.75% on the patient level. At the baseline, there were statistically significant differences between the peri-implant health group and peri-implantitis group in PPD, distal HTID and mesial/distal CPL, cC/I (P < 0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in mSBI, mPLI, PI, mesial HTID, mesial/distal REA and mesial/distal ESA between the two groups. Among the differences between follow-up and baseline, there were statistically significant dif-ferences between the two groups in PPD, mesial/distal HTID, mesial/distal CPL and mesial/distal ESA (P < 0.05). Generalized estimation equation showed that PPD, mesial/distal HTID, mesial CPL, and mesial ESA had significant positive correlations with the risk of peri-implantitis in the difference between baseline and follow-up. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the peri-implant health rate is still unsatisfied, and the PPD, HTID, CPL, ESA may be related to the long-term health of the implant.

Key words: Peri-implantitis, Dental implants, single-tooth, Prevalence, Peri-implant health, Embrasure surface area

CLC Number: 

  • R783.6

Figure 1

Radiographic measurements A, bone level at baseline; B, bone level at follow-up; C, contact point level (CPL); D, embrasure surface area (ESA). HTID, horizontal tooth-implant distance; REA, restoration emergence angle; Mb, mesial bone; Db, distal bone."

Table 1

Comparison between groups in peri-implant health and peri-implantitis at baseline"

Items Total Health PI H/χ2 P
n 92 53 39
Mesial HTID/mm, M(P25, P75) 3.58 (2.77, 4.28) 4.03 (2.80, 4.56) 3.46 (2.56, 3.70) 3.00 0.083
Distal HTID/mm, M(P25, P75) 3.78 (3.13, 4.72) 4.30 (3.34, 5.02) 3.76 (2.76, 4.02) 4.52 0.033
Mesial CPL/mm, M(P25, P75) 4.86 (3.77, 5.73) 4.22 (3.37, 5.63) 5.30 (4.40, 5.73) 4.79 0.029
Distal CPL/mm, M(P25, P75) 4.20 (2.98, 5.39) 4.06 (2.28, 5.26) 4.25 (3.49, 6.06) 6.08 0.014
Mesial REA/(°), M(P25, P75) 27.96 (22.98, 32.46) 25.26 (19.80, 31.24) 28.08 (24.82, 33.52) 2.68 0.102
Distal REA/(°), M(P25, P75) 28.93 (20.17, 33.77) 26.91 (18.82, 39.46) 29.59 (22.74, 31.28) 0.01 0.937
Mesial ESA/mm2, M(P25, P75) 7.44 (4.85, 12.29) 7.60 (4.42, 12.17) 7.30 (5.84, 13.07) 0.31 0.575
Distal ESA/mm2, M(P25, P75) 5.58 (3.95, 8.92) 6.52 (3.10, 8.27) 5.58 (4.71, 9.60) 1.41 0.236
aC/I, M(P25, P75) 0.65 (0.59, 0.76) 0.65 (0.61, 0.76) 0.65 (0.59, 0.75) 0.29 0.588
cC/I, M(P25, P75) 0.92 (0.82, 1.01) 0.89 (0.78, 0.99) 0.98 (0.86, 1.07) 6.76 0.009
Max PPD/mm, M(P25, P75) 5.00 (3.00, 5.00) 3.00 (3.00, 5.00) 5.00 (4.00, 5.00) 10.72 0.001
Max mSBI, n(%) 5.76 0.124
  0 12 (13.0) 10 (18.9) 2 (5.1)
  1 8 (8.7) 6 (11.3) 2 (5.1)
  2 39 (42.4) 24 (45.3) 15 (38.5)
  3 33 (35.9) 13 (24.5) 20 (51.3)
Max mPLI, n(%) 4.96 0.174
  0 19 (20.7) 16 (30.2) 3 (7.7)
  1 32 (34.8) 16 (30.2) 16 (41.0)
  2 34 (37.0) 18 (34.0) 16 (41.0)
  3 7 (7.6) 3 (5.7) 4 (10.3)
Min PI, n(%) 2.69 0.443
  0 18 (19.6) 14 (26.4) 4 (10.3)
  1 7 (7.6) 4 (7.5) 3 (7.7)
  2 25 (27.2) 12 (22.6) 13 (33.3)
  3 42 (45.7) 23 (43.4) 19 (48.7)

Table 2

Comparison of change difference between groups in peri-implant health and peri-implantitis (follow-up-baseline)"

Items Total Health PI H/χ2 P
Δmesial HTID/mm 0.07 (-0.09, 0.26) -0.03 (-0.11, 0.18) 0.15 (0.00, 0.34) 6.43 0.011
Δdistal HTID/mm -0.00 (-0.44, 0.32) -0.17 (-0.54, 0.10) 0.20 (-0.27, 0.43) 8.43 0.004
Δmesial CPL/mm 0.16 (-0.35, 0.55) 0.13 (-0.53, 0.44) 0.17 (-0.13, 0.86) 2.66 0.013
Δdistal CPL/mm 0.13 (-0.11, 0.64) 0.05 (-0.38, 0.58) 0.41 (0.09, 1.03) 6.47 0.011
Δmesial ESA/mm 0.21 (-0.73, 1.36) 0.13 (-0.77, 0.53) 1.01 (-0.35, 1.97) 4.84 0.028
Δdistal ESA/mm 0.75 (-0.44, 2.34) 0.11 (-0.73, 1.56) 1.18 (-0.04, 2.90) 4.11 0.043
ΔPPD/mm 1.00 (0.00, 1.25) 0.00 (-0.25, 1.00) 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) 6.43 0.011

Table 3

Analysis of generalized estimation equation for (follow-up-baseline) difference and peri-implantitis"

Items OR(95%CI) P
Δmesial HTID 6.12 (2.00, 8.77) 0.002
Δdistal HTID 2.89 (1.29, 6.45) 0.010
Δmesial CPL 1.47 (1.04, 2.07) 0.028
Δdistal CPL 1.69 (0.99, 2.90) 0.054
Δmesial ESA 1.29 (1.04, 1.60) 0.022
Δdistal ESA 1.15 (1.00, 1.33) 0.056
ΔPPD 1.78 (1.07, 2.95) 0.026
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