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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3): 507-513. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2025.03.014

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Prevalence characteristics of autoimmune thyroid disease in women aged 10-59 years in Qingdao City from 2022 to 2024

Xin CHEN1,2, Junting YANG1,2, Jinxin GUO1,2, Shuya LI1,2, Zhike LIU1,2, Yingliang ZHU3, Fengjuan LI3, Siyan ZHAN1,2,4,5,*(), Juanjuan GUO6,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
    3. Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China
    4. Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
    5. Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
    6. Qingdao Third People' s Hospital, Qingdao 266041, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-02-09 Online:2025-06-18 Published:2025-06-13
  • Contact: Siyan ZHAN, Juanjuan GUO
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82330107); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72361127500)

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Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and Graves disease (GD), two autoimmune thyroid diseases aged 10-59 in Qingdao City from 2022 to 2024, and to provide scientific basis for making targeted prevention and treatment measures. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted, based on the data of the Regional Health Information Platform in Qingdao, the confirmed cases of HT and GD from 2022 to 2024 were included, and combined with the data of the seventh population census, the three-year and annual prevalence rates of HT and GD were calculated, and the time trend of annual prevalence was analyzed by Cochran-Armitage trend test. The distribution characte-ristics of HT and GD prevalence in different age groups and regions were analyzed, and Chi-square test was used to compare the differences between the groups. Results: The total number of HT patients among women aged 10-59 in Qingdao City from 2022 to 2024 was 40 362. The proportion of HT patients in 30- 34 years old was the highest (19.83%). The proportion of HT patients in Huangdao District was the highest (17.72%). The three-year prevalence of HT was 1 206.53/100 000. In 2022-2024, the annual prevalence of HT increased significantly (P < 0.001), from 385.32/100 000 in 2022 to 1 206.32/ 100 000 in 2024. The three-year prevalence of HT was significantly different in age distribution (P < 0.001). The three-year prevalence of HT in 25-29 years (2 354.44/100 000) and 35-39 years (2 022.20/100 000) was higher than that in other age groups, showing a bimodal distribution. There were significant differences in the three-year prevalence of HT in different regions (P < 0.001), among which the three-year prevalence of HT in Shinan District was the highest (2 392.90/100 000), followed by Licang District (1 492.41/100 000), and Laixi City was the lowest (659.940/100 000). The total number of GD patients was 2 095, among which the proportion of GD patients in the 35-39 age group was the highest (15.42%), and the proportion of GD patients from Jimo District was the highest (12.27%). From 2022 to 2024, the three-year prevalence rate of GD was 62.63/100 000, and the annual prevalence rate of GD showed an increasing trend (P < 0.001), from 20.33/100 000 in 2022 to 62.63/100 000 in 2024. There were significant differences in the prevalence of GD by age (P < 0.001). The three-year prevalence of GD reached the highest value in the 25-29 age group (98.90/100 000), followed by the 35-39 age group (85.21/100 000), and the lowest in the 10-14 age group (14.43/100 000). In the regional distribution, there were significant differences in the 3-year prevalence of GD (P < 0.001). Laoshan District had the highest three-year prevalence of GD (107.58/100 000), followed by Shinan District (97.83/100 000) and Huangdao District (28.92/100 000). Conclusion: The three-year pre-valence of HT and GD in females aged 10-59 years in Qingdao City from 2022 to 2024 is low, but the annual prevalence is on the rise, and the three-year prevalence of HT and GD in females aged 25-39 years is higher than that in other age groups, so it is necessary to strengthen the screening and monitoring of this population.

Key words: Hashimoto thyroiditis, Graves disease, Prevalence, Female, Epidemiology

CLC Number: 

  • R181.32

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease in females aged 10-59 years in Qingdao, 2022-2024"

Items HT (n=40 362) GD (n=2 095)
Age group/years, n(%)
  10-14 290 (0.72) 32 (1.53)
  15-19 632 (1.57) 90 (4.30)
  20-24 2 056 (5.09) 153 (7.30)
  25-29 6 298 (15.60) 259 (12.36)
  30-34 8 003 (19.83) 320 (15.27)
  35-39 7 543 (18.69) 323 (15.42)
  40-44 5 530 (13.70) 249 (11.89)
  45-49 3 508 (8.69) 211 (10.07)
  50-54 3 648 (9.04) 260 (12.41)
  55-59 2 854 (7.07) 198 (9.45)
Districts, n(%)
  Shinan District 3 840 (9.51) 157 (7.49)
  Shibei District 4 895 (12.13) 233 (11.12)
  Huangdao District 7 154 (17.72) 183 (8.74)
  Licang District 3 875 (9.60) 240 (11.46)
  Laoshan District 2 168 (5.37) 189 (9.02)
  Chengyang District 4 031 (9.99) 214 (10.21)
  Jimo District 3 586 (8.88) 257 (12.27)
  Jiaozhou City 2 565 (6.35) 130 (6.21)
  Pingdu City 3 328 (8.25) 149 (7.11)
  Laixi City 1 513 (3.75) 86 (4.11)
  Unknown 3 407 (8.44) 257 (12.27)
Insurance types, n(%)
  Basic medical insurance 26 257 (65.05) 1 219 (58.19)
  Supplementary medical insurance 142 (0.35) 7 (0.33)
  Special relief or grant 244 (0.60) 9 (0.43)
  All expenses paid 11 160 (27.65) 725 (34.61)
  Unknown 2 559 (6.34) 135 (6.44)

Table 2

Prevalence of Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease in females aged 10-59 years in Qingdao, 2022-2024"

Items HT GD
n Prevalence rate (95%CI) (per 100 000) P value n Prevalence rate (95%CI) (per 100 000) P value
Three-year
(2022-2024) 40 362 1 206.53 (1 194.79, 1 218.36) 2 095 62.63 (59.97, 65.37)
Annual < 0.001 < 0.001
  2022 12 890 385.32 (378.69, 392.03) 680 20.33 (18.83, 21.91)
  2023 26 292 785.94 (776.47, 795.50) 1 405 42.00 (39.83, 44.25)
  2024 40 355 1 206.32 (1 194.58, 1 218.15) 2 095 62.63 (59.97, 65.37)

Figure 1

Age distribution of Hashimoto thyroiditis (A) and Graves disease (B) prevalence in females aged 10-59 years in Qingdao City, 2022-2024"

Figure 2

Regional distribution of Hashimoto thyroiditis (A) and Graves disease (B) prevalence in females aged 10-59 years in Qingdao City, 2022-2024"

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