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北京大学学报（医学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 492-499. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.015

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

大气臭氧短期监测指标与健康年轻人肺功能和气道炎症的关联

陈嘉惠,胡大宇,贾旭,牛薇,邓芙蓉,郭新彪()   

  1. 北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-11 出版日期:2020-06-18 发布日期:2020-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 郭新彪 E-mail:guoxb@bjmu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81571130090);国家自然科学基金(91543112);北京市科技计划(Z171100001417009)

Monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient ozone and pulmonary function and airway inflammation in healthy young adults

Jia-hui CHEN,Da-yu HU,Xu JIA,Wei NIU,Fu-rong DENG,Xin-biao GUO()   

  1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2020-02-11 Online:2020-06-18 Published:2020-06-30
  • Contact: Xin-biao GUO E-mail:guoxb@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571130090);National Natural Science Foundation of China(91543112);Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Z171100001417009)

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摘要：

目的 探讨不同监测指标下,大气臭氧(ozone,O3)短期暴露与健康年轻人肺功能和气道炎症的关联。方法 采用定组研究设计,招募97名健康年轻大学生为研究对象,于2017年12月至2018年6月对每位研究对象进行3次随访调查,每次随访期间对研究对象的肺功能和呼出气一氧化氮(fractional exhaled nitric oxide,FeNO)进行测量;空气污染物浓度数据由距研究对象居住区最近的北京市环境监测站获得,气象数据来自中国气象数据网。采用线性混合效应模型分析不同监测指标下,大气O3短期暴露与健康年轻人肺功能和气道炎症的关联。结果 研究期间大气O3日1 h最大浓度(daily 1-h maximum concentration of O3,O3-1 h max)、日最大8 h平均浓度(daily maximum 8-h average concentration of O3,O3-8 h max)和24 h平均浓度(24-h average concentration of O3,O3-24 h avg)的P50(P25,P75)分别为102.5(76.8,163.0) μg/m3、91.1(68.3,154.3) μg/m3和61.6(36.9,81.7) μg/m3。效应估计结果显示,不同监测指标下,大气O3与第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)呈显著负相关,与FeNO呈显著正相关。O3-1 h max的6 d滑动平均值每增加一个四分位数间距(interquartile range,IQR=71.5 μg/m3)与FEV1降低 6.2%(95%CI: -11.8%,-0.5%)和FeNO升高63.3%(95%CI: 13.8%,134.3%)有关。O3-8 h max的7 d滑动平均值每增加一个四分位数间距(IQR=62.0 μg/m3)与FEV1降低6.2%(95%CI: -11.6%,-0.7%)和FeNO升高75.5%(95%CI: 19.3,158.0%)有关。O3-24 h avg的5 d滑动平均值每增加一个四分位数间距(IQR=32.9 μg/m3)与FEV1降低3.7%(95%CI: -7.1%,-0.2%)和FeNO升高25.3%(95%CI: 3.6%,51.6%)有关。没有观察到不同监测指标下O3与最大呼气流量(peak expiratory flow,PEF)变化的显著关联。 结论 大气O3的短期暴露与健康年轻人的肺功能降低和气道炎症增加有关,且日1 h最大浓度指标更能灵敏反映O3的呼吸效应。

关键词: 臭氧, 监测指标, 肺功能, 呼出气一氧化氮

Abstract:

Objective: To assess the associations of different monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient ozone (O3) with pulmonary function and airway inflammation in healthy young adults.Methods: A total of 97 healthy young college students were recruited and followed in a panel study conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Each participant underwent 3 follow-up visits, and lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured at each visit. Ambient air pollutant concentrations were obtained from the environment monitoring station of Beijing closest to the participant residences, and meteorological data were collected from China Meteorological Data Service Center. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to assess the associations between different monitoring metrics for ambient O3 short-term exposure with pulmonary function or airway inflammation in the healthy young adults.Results: During the study period, the P50 (P25, P75) values for ambient O3 concentration expressed as daily 1-hour maximum (O3-1 h max), daily maximum 8-hour average (O3-8 h max) and 24-hour average (O3-24 h avg) were 102.5 (76.8, 163.0) μg/m3, 91.1 (68.3, 154.3) μg/m3 and 61.6 (36.9, 81.7) μg/m3, respectively. The different monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient O3 were significantly associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and increased FeNO. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in 6-d moving average of O3-1 h max (IQR=71.5 μg/m3) was associated with a 6.2% (95%CI: -11.8%, -0.5%) decrease in FEV1 and a 63.3% (95%CI: 13.8%, 134.3%) increase in FeNO. An IQR increase in 7-d moving average of O3-8 h max (IQR=62.0 μg/m3) was associated with a 6.2% (95%CI: -11.6%, -0.7%) decrease in FEV1and a 75.5% (95%CI: 19.3%, 158.0%) increase in FeNO. An IQR increase in 5-d moving average of O3-24 h avg (IQR=32.9 μg/m3) was associated with a 3.7% (95%CI: -7.1%, -0.2%) decrease in FEV1and a 25.3% (95%CI: 3.6%, 51.6%) increase in FeNO. There was no significant association between the three monitoring metrics for O3 exposure and peak expiratory flow (PEF).Conclusion: Short-term exposure to ambient O3 was associated with decreased lung function and increased airway inflammation among the healthy young adults, and daily 1-hour maximum was more sensitively to the respiratory effects of O3.

Key words: Ozone, Monitoring metrics, Lung function, Fractional exhaled nitric oxide

中图分类号: 

  • X5

表1

研究对象的基本情况和健康指标测量情况"

Characteristics Male (n=65) Female (n=32) All (n=97)
x?±s Range x?±s Range x?±s Range
Age/years 24.6±2.0 20-26 23.8±2.7 18-26 24.4±2.2 18-26
BMI/(kg/m3) 25.2±4.0 18.1-33.2 23.6±4.6 17.9-30.8 24.7±4.3 17.9-33.2
FEV1/L 3.6±0.5 2.1-5.4 2.5±0.5 1.3-4.3 3.3±0.8 1.3-5.4
PEF/(L/min) 470.3±133.2 135-755 291.2±83.8 95-521 413.1±145.9 95-755
FeNO/(μg/m3) 19.2±10.7 2.7-68.3 15.1±8.4 1.3-36.2 17.8±10.2 1.3-68.3

表2

2017年12月至2018年6月大气污染物和气象因素水平"

Variables n x?±s P50(P25, P75)
Air pollutants
O3-1 h max/ (μg/m3) 212 121.0±64.6 102.5 (76.8, 163.0)
O3-8 h max/ (μg/m3) 212 109.8±60.1 91.1 (68.3, 154.3)
O3-24 h avg/ (μg/m3) 212 63.8±35.2 61.6 (36.9, 81.7)
NO2/ (μg/m3) 212 50.4±22.8 48.9 (34.5, 63.6)
SO2/ (μg/m3) 212 7.4±5.4 6.1 (3.3, 10.1)
PM2.5/ (μg/m3) 212 54.9±44.2 40.9 (21.8, 72.0)
Meteorological parameters
Temperature/ ℃ 207 9.6±11.8 5.5 (-0.9, 20.6)
Relative humidity/ % 207 41.2±15.9 38 (28.5, 51.0)

表3

研究期间大气污染物和气象因素的Spearman相关分析结果"

O3-1 h max O3-8 h max O3-24 h avg NO2 SO2 PM2.5 Temperature Relative humidity
O3-1 h max 1
O3-8 h max 0.97# 1
O3-24 h avg 0.87# 0.90# 1
NO2 0.00 -0.08 -0.37# 1
SO2 -0.21# -0.28# -0.41# 0.65# 1
PM2.5 0.24# 0.17* 0.04 0.73# 0.56# 1
Temperature 0.85# 0.86# 0.72# 0.07 -0.28# 0.27# 1
Relative humidity 0.24# 0.20# 0.06 0.36# 0.12 0.64# 0.35# 1

图1

单污染物模型中O3监测指标每增加一个四分位数间距对肺功能和FeNO变化的效应估计"

表4

不同污染物模型中O3监测指标每增加一个IQR对FEV1和FeNO变化的效应估计"

Pollutant models O3-1 h max, Avg6 O3-8 h max, Avg7 O3-24 h avg, Avg5
FEV1 Single pollutant -6.2(-11.8, -0.5)* -6.2(-11.6, -0.7)* -3.7(-7.1, -0.2)*
+PM2.5 -6.3(-13.0, 0.3) -5.8(-12.1, 0.5) -3.7(-7.2, -0.2)*
+SO2 -7.6(-13.6, -1.6)* -9.1(-15.3, -2.9)* -3.7(-7.2, -0.2)*
+NO2 -6.3(-12.0, -0.6)* -6.3(-11.8, -0.8)* -4.0(-7.8, -0.3)*
FeNO Single pollutant 63.3(13.8, 134.3)* 75.5(19.3, 158)* 25.3(3.6,51.6)*
+PM2.5 87.7(26.8, 177.7)* 86.1(26.2, 174.3)* 25.2(3.2,51.8)*
+SO2 48.3(0.7, 118.4)* 68.7(10.6, 157.2)* 0.6(-20.1,26.7)
+NO2 60.3(11.2, 131)* 75.7(19.3, 158.7)* 9.5(-14.0,39.5)

图2

1 d滑动平均的O3与肺功能和FeNO的暴露-反应关系曲线"

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