乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型的初步构建

doi:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2022.02.021

北京大学学报（医学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (2): 327-334. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2022.02.021

乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型的初步构建

冯莎蔚¹,国慧¹,王勇²,赵一姣^2,^△(),刘鹤^1,^△()

1.北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院儿童口腔科, 国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081
2.北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔医学数字化研究中心,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081

收稿日期:2020-03-11 出版日期:2022-04-18 发布日期:2022-04-13
通讯作者: 赵一姣,刘鹤 E-mail:kqcadcs@bjmu.edu.cn;heliu69@126.com
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重点项目(2018BEG02012)

Initial establishment of digital reference standardized crown models of the primary teeth

FENG Sha-wei¹,GUO Hui¹,WANG Yong²,ZHAO Yi-jiao^2,^△(),LIU He^1,^△()

1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
2. Center for Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2020-03-11 Online:2022-04-18 Published:2022-04-13
Contact: Yi-jiao ZHAO,He LIU E-mail:kqcadcs@bjmu.edu.cn;heliu69@126.com
Supported by:
Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2018BEG02012)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探索建立数字化参考牙冠模型的设计流程,初步构建乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型,为乳牙标准牙冠模型的建立奠定基础,为计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造(computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture,CAD/CAM)技术在儿童口腔医学中的相关应用提供参考和依据。方法: 在北京市海淀区多所幼儿园中选取全口健康无龋、年龄4~5岁的儿童作为研究对象。对儿童取上下颌牙列印模后制取石膏牙颌模型,通过三维牙颌模型扫描仪重建数字化牙颌模型。利用三维逆向工程软件Geomagic Studio 2013提取全口乳牙所有牙位的单个牙冠数据,测量其近远中径、颊舌径和龈牙合径,再按照缩放比例因子,对每一牙位的牙冠进行牙冠标准化处理,基于3~5个牙冠特征点进行对齐,最后通过平均值拟合的方法构建出乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型。结果: 共纳入40名儿童,其中男14名,女26名,均为汉族。获取到40副上下颌牙列石膏模型,在重建数字化牙颌模型后,通过逆向工程技术,测量获得乳牙牙冠近远中径、颊舌径和龈牙合径相关数据,并成功构建全口20颗乳牙的数字化参考牙冠模型,能够反映乳牙牙冠特征形貌。结论: 通过逆向工程技术构建乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型,为乳牙标准牙冠模型的建立提供了参考,对临床、科研和教学等具有应用价值,有助于CAD/CAM技术在儿童口腔医学领域的应用。

关键词: 乳牙, 牙冠, 计算机辅助设计, 儿童, 学龄前

Abstract:

Objective: To explore the construction process of the digital reference crown models, and to initially establish the digital reference crown models of the primary teeth to lay the foundation for the establishment of the standardized crown models and the future related applications of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology to pediatric dentistry. Methods: This study randomly selected children who were caries free, aged from 4 to 5 years in several kindergartens of Haidian District of Beijing. Plaster dental models were made for the children after taking complete impressions. The digital dental models were reconstructed by using the three-dimensional (3D) dental model scanner. And then, Geomagic Studio, a 3D reverse engineering software, was employed to extract the single dental crown data, the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters and the height of the crowns were measured. The object was reduced or enlarged by a numerical factor, and then the size of each dental crown was standardized. A total of 3-5 points features on the crown were created, and all the objects were aligned through the functions of feature-based alignment. Finally, through average-based object creation and smoothing, the digital models of reference crowns of the primary teeth were established. Results: A total of 40 plaster dental models from 16 boys and 26 girls were selected out for our further study. The digital dental models were reconstructed, and the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters and the height of the crowns were measured by using reverse engineering technology. Comparing the results of using mesiodistal diameter, buccolingual diameter and height as the standards, we chose the mesiodistal diameters of crowns to do the standardization, and successfully established the digital reference models of 20 primary teeth crowns with detailed surface characteristics. Conclusion: In this study, the digital reference crown models of the primary teeth were established by reverse engineering technology, providing reference value for the standardized crown models and application for clinical practice, scientific research and teaching. Furthermore, this study also contributes to the extensive application of CAD/CAM technology in pediatric dentistry and the development of CAD/CAM dental systems with independent intellectual property rights.

Key words: Deciduous tooth, Tooth crown, Computer-aided design, Child, preschool

中图分类号:

R788

冯莎蔚,国慧,王勇,赵一姣,刘鹤. 乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型的初步构建[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2022, 54(2): 327-334.

FENG Sha-wei,GUO Hui,WANG Yong,ZHAO Yi-jiao,LIU He. Initial establishment of digital reference standardized crown models of the primary teeth[J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2022, 54(2): 327-334.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

表2

各牙位牙冠近远中径、颊舌径和龈牙合径测量值"

Tooth position	Mesiodistal/mm, $x -$ ±s	Buccolingual/mm, $x -$ ±s	Height/mm, $x -$ ±s
51	6.718 0±0.373 2	5.284 3±0.365 3	4.976 7±0.578 3
52	5.530 4±0.340 7	4.938 5±0.386 5	4.436 2±0.532 7
53	6.746 2±0.386 5	6.087 3±0.555 4	5.200 0±0.685 2
54	7.402 2±0.384 6	9.144 1±0.557 9	4.618 6±0.513 3
55	9.466 4±0.439 1	10.405 5±0.556 0	4.362 0±0.409 1
61	6.689 2±0.363 2	5.238 6±0.351 3	5.055 2±0.518 2
62	5.567 2±0.406 6	4.943 5±0.331 7	4.534 3±0.549 7
63	6.727 4±0.353 6	5.948 1±0.387 9	5.113 9±0.590 4
64	7.293 4±0.350 1	9.247 1±0.474 4	4.652 7±0.416 7
65	9.462 1±0.557 9	10.341 4±0.548 0	4.352 2±0.380 6
71	4.209 6±0.215 9	3.984 9±0.369 5	4.290 4±0.487 7
72	4.802 6±0.313 9	4.456 3±0.325 1	4.715 2±0.384 6
73	5.921 5±0.263 1	5.601 5±0.416 6	5.431 1±0.447 5
74	8.221 0±0.365 6	7.851 0±0.522 0	4.973 1±0.492 6
75	10.284 3±0.509 5	9.435 7±0.496 8	4.379 8±0.306 6
81	4.229 7±0.205 3	4.126 8±0.374 4	4.349 9±0.580 5
82	4.850 1±0.385 5	4.474 3±0.376 0	4.684 9±0.544 6
83	5.939 3±0.318 2	5.748 0±0.469 1	5.569 6±0.625 7
84	8.197 3±0.365 0	7.944 5±0.502 6	5.057 6±0.574 3
85	10.090 4±0.542 3	9.597 7±0.517 5	4.360 2±0.482 5

表2

表3

牙冠尺寸标准化的参考标准确定"

Reference standard	Variable	Ave. before standardization/mm	Ave. after standardization/mm	Difference between the Ave./mm, $x -$ ±s	P value
Mesiodistal	Buccolingual	0.203 9	0.199 7	-0.004 4±0.047 8	0.686 1
Mesiodistal	Height	0.263 3	0.243 6	-0.019 4±0.037 5	0.032 1
Buccolingual	Mesiodistal	0.146 4	0.206 9	0.062 0±0.072 1	0.001 1
Buccolingual	Height	0.263 3	0.264 2	0.000 8±0.073 4	0.960 4
Height	Mesiodistal	0.146 4	0.532 5	0.381 5±0.243 1	<0.000 1
Height	Buccolingual	0.203 9	0.511 5	0.301 3±0.205 2	<0.000 1

表3

图3

图4

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Measurement items	Primary central incisor			The first primary molar
Measurement items	Mesiodistal	Buccolingual	Height	Mesiodistal	Buccolingual	Height
Similar correlation	0.966	0.987	0.996	0.988	0.978	0.984
Lower limit	0.869	0.973	0.986	0.954	0.956	0.936
Upper limit	0.991	0.997	0.999	0.997	0.995	0.996

乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型的初步构建

Initial establishment of digital reference standardized crown models of the primary teeth

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