维吾尔族、哈萨克族和汉族大学生体重指数与体能指数的关系

doi:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 了解维吾尔族、哈萨克族和汉族大学生的营养和体能状况，调查不同民族体重指数(body mass index，BMI)和体能指数(physical fitness index，PFI)之间的非线性联系。方法: 采用分层随机整群抽样方法，抽取2021年新疆维吾尔自治区某高校非体育专业的维吾尔族、哈萨克族和汉族共3 600名大学生作为研究对象，测量身高、体质量、肺活量、50米跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、仰卧起坐/引体向上和耐力跑，计算体重指数和各测试成绩的标准化Z分数以及PFI等指标，对数据进行卡方检验、单因素方差分析和非线性二次回归分析。结果: 汉族大学生的超重(16.00%)和肥胖(8.08%)检出率明显高于维吾尔族(11.83%和4.08%)和哈萨克族(13.58%和4.58%)大学生，低体重检出率维吾尔族(11.92%)最高，哈萨克族最低(9.75%)。三个民族总体和男女之间BMI分级检出率差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。维吾尔族、哈萨克族和汉族不同BMI分级大学生之间PFI差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)，总体表现出正常体重组高于其他体重组，且超重组高于肥胖组，但是低体重组的PFI最高。非线性二次回归显示，维吾尔族男女和哈萨克族男生的曲线呈倒“J”形，PFI随着BMI的增大先升高后下降，其余曲线呈弧形，PFI随着BMI的增大而下降。结论: 维吾尔族、哈萨克族和汉族大学生超重肥胖会带来体能的下降，但是哈萨克族低体重组男女大学生和汉族低体重组女大学生的体能好于正常体重组。着重提高维吾尔族低体重和超重男生、汉族超重女生的体能可以有效缩小民族内各体重等级和民族间的大学生体能差异。

关键词: 体重指数, 体能, 维吾尔族, 哈萨克族, 大学生

Abstract:

Objective: To understand the nutritional status and physical fitness of the Uygur, Kazak and Han ethnic college students, and to investigate the nonlinear relationship between BMI and physical fitness indexes in different ethnic groups. Methods: A total of 3 600 Uygur, Kazakh and Han students majoring in non-sports in a university in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2021 were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method. Height, weight, vital capacity, 50 m running, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, sit-up/pull-up and endurance running were measured. Body mass index (BMI), standardized Z score of each test score and physical fitness index (PFI) were calculated. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test, single factor analysis of variance, and nonlinear quadratic regression. Results: Prevalences of overweight (16.00%) and obesity (8.08%) of the Han college students were significantly higher than those of the Uygur (11.83% and 4.08%) and Kazakh (13.58% and 4.58%). Prevalence of low weight in the Uygur (11.92%) was the highest, and the lowest was the Kazakh (9.75%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of BMI classification among the three ethnic groups boys and girls (all P < 0.05). There were significant differences in PFI among college students of different BMI levels in the Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic college students (all P < 0.05), and the PFI of normal weight group was higher than the other weight groups in general, and the overweight group was higher than the obese group, but some ethnics showed the highest PFI in the low weight group. The non-linear quadratic regression results showed that the curves of the Uygur boys and girls and the Kazakh boys were inverted "J" shaped, and the PFI increased and then decreased with the increase of BMI, while the rest of the curves were arc-shaped, and the PFI decreased with the increase of BMI. Conclusion: Overweight obesity in the Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic college students brings about a decrease in physical fitness, but Kazakh low weight male and female and Han low weight grils have better physical fitness than the normal weight groups. Focusing on improving the physical fitness of Uygur low-weight and high-weight boys and Han high-weight girls could effectively reduce the differences in physical fitness of college students in different weight levels and ethnic groups.

Key words: Body mass index, Physical fitness, Uygur, Kazakh, College students

中图分类号:

G804.49

李卫民,祖菲娅·吐尔地. 维吾尔族、哈萨克族和汉族大学生体重指数与体能指数的关系[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2024, 56(3): 411-417.

Weimin LI,Zufeiya TUERDI. Comparative research on the relationship between body mass index and physical fitness index among the Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic college students[J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2024, 56(3): 411-417.

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Gender	Variables	Uygur			Kazakh			Han
Gender	Variables	Min	Max	${\bar x}$±s	Min	Max	${\bar x}$±s	Min	Max	${\bar x}$±s
Male	Body height/cm	151.8	190.0	173.2±6.2	153.0	194.3	176.2±6.4	147.0	194.0	173.9±6.0
	Body mass/kg	45.0	107.6	65.3±10.1	50.5	115.0	69.1±10.0	46.0	143.0	68.2±13.3
	BMI/(kg/m²)	16.4	34.9	21.8±3.0	16.8	35.5	22.2±2.8	15.4	43.4	22.5±4.0
Female	Body height/cm	144.4	188.2	159.8±5.5	138.7	185.0	162.4±5.7	143.6	178.0	161.1±5.8
	Body mass/kg	36.0	99.6	54.3±8.0	35.9	121.6	57.0±8.5	38.0	122.5	56.5±9.4
	BMI/(kg/m²)	14.8	38.4	21.3±2.9	15.5	38.4	21.6±3.1	15.0	40.3	21.8±3.4

Nutritional status	Boys, n(%)			Girls, n(%)			Boys and girls comparison
Nutritional status	Uygur	Kazakh	Han	Uygur	Kazakh	Han	χ²	P
Underweight	53 (8.33)	17 (4.86)	65 (10.83)	90 (15.00)	100 (11.76)	77 (12.83)	30.12	＜0.001
Normal weight	437 (72.83)	257 (73.43)	366 (61.00)	429 (71.50)	608 (71.53)	403 (67.17)	88.57	＜0.001
Overweight	80 (13.33)	58 (16.57)	110 (18.33)	62 (10.33)	105 (12.35)	82 (13.67)	19.92	＜0.001
Obesity	30 (5.00)	18 (5.14)	59 (9.83)	19 (3.17)	37 (4.35)	38 (6.33)	12.79	＜0.01
χ²	33.87			13.52
P	＜0.001			＜0.05

Gender	Ethnicity	Underweight	Normal weight	Overweight	Obesity	F	P
Male	Uygur	-0.53±2.85	0.31±3.15	-0.54±3.27	-3.52±3.43^b	15.040	＜0.001
	Kazakh	0.92±2.59	0.46±3.49^a	-1.50±3.33^b	-2.57±4.38	8.825	＜0.001
	Han	0.33±3.06	0.75±3.20	-0.97±3.12^a	-3.21±4.14^b	28.763	＜0.001
Female	Uygur	-0.43±3.18	0.21±3.03	-0.51±3.09	-1.23±2.23	2.945	＜0.05
	Kazakh	0.28±3.28	0.27±3.14	-0.97±3.51^a	-2.39±4.63^b	11.191	＜0.001
	Han	0.95±2.67	0.09±3.11	-0.71±3.12	-1.26±3.00	6.262	＜0.001

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