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北京大学学报（医学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (4): 848-854. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2026.04.023

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西藏那曲儿童青少年口腔健康素养横断面调查

单子桐1,*, 魏书豪1,*, 韩佳皓1, 司燕1, 荣文笙1, 郑树国1, 刘晓默2,*(), 张珊珊1,*()   

  1. 1. 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院预防保健科，国家口腔医学中心，国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心，口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心，口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室，国家卫生健康委口腔数字医学重点实验室，国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室，北京 100081
    2. 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院正畸科，国家口腔医学中心，国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心，口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心，口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室，国家卫生健康委口腔数字医学重点实验室，国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室，北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-02 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2026-04-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓默, 张珊珊
  • 作者简介:

    *These authors contributed equally to this work

  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项(2024-2G-4106); 2023年度人卫创新发展研究项目(RWCY23DⅡ007007); 北京大学口腔医学院教育教学研究项目(2024-ZC-07); “北京研究型病房卓越计划”项目(BRWEP2024W194100100); 北京大学口腔医院临床新技术新疗法项目(PKUSSNCT-25B05); 北京市自然科学基金-海淀原始创新联合基金(L222001)

Report on oral health literacy of children and adolescents in Nagqu, Xizang

Zitong SHAN1, Shuhao WEI1, Jiahao HAN1, Yan SI1, Wensheng RONG1, Shuguo ZHENG1, Xiaomo LIU2,*(), Shanshan ZHANG1,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Preventive Health Care, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2025-10-02 Online:2026-08-18 Published:2026-04-23
  • Contact: Xiaomo LIU, Shanshan ZHANG
  • Supported by:
    the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2024-2G-4106); the Project Sponsored by the Innovative Development Research of People's Medical Publishing House(RWCY23DⅡ007007); the Education Research Project of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology in 2024(2024-ZC-07); the Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program, BRWEP(BRWEP2024W194100100); the Program for New Clinical Techniques and Therapies of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology(PKUSSNCT-25B05); the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation-Haidian Original Innovation Joint Fund(L222001)

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摘要：

目的: 了解西藏自治区那曲市儿童青少年的口腔健康素养，评估单次线上数字化融媒体科普课提升口腔健康素养的效果。方法: 对西藏自治区那曲市色尼区406名9~15岁的学生采用整群抽样的方法以班级为单位进行线下问卷调查，然后对学生进行远程单次数字化融媒体口腔健康科普课程教育，并在课后再次线下问卷调查，对比评估线上课程对口腔健康素养是否有提升效果。问卷内容包括人口学资料、口腔健康基本知识、信念、自我保健和就医行为。对变量的缺失值、异常值、逻辑错误进行清理后，采用R4.4.1和SPSS 27.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果: 西藏自治区儿童青少年的口腔健康知识知晓率未达50%，超50%的青少年每天会摄入甜点、甜饮料等高含糖食物，每天刷牙两次及以上的青少年只有15.98%，课程前每天使用牙线的被调查者仅7.71%，课程前含氟牙膏的使用率为45.45%。西藏自治区儿童青少年口腔问题影响进食、发音等。单次口腔健康课程虽受到支持和欢迎，但对口腔知识知晓率和保健行为转化率未见明显影响。结论: 西藏自治区儿童青少年口腔健康知识知晓率较全国十年前平均水平低，大部分儿童青少年尚未形成良好的个人口腔卫生习惯。单次远程线上口腔健康教育课程对素养提升效果不显著，应当开展其他更有影响且有地区针对性措施让儿童青少年重视口腔疾病预防，提高西藏自治区儿童青少年口腔健康知识知晓率与知识向行为转化率。

关键词: 口腔健康素养, 儿童和青少年, 口腔健康教育, 横断面调查, 西藏自治区

Abstract:

Objective: To understand the oral health literacy of children and adolescents in Nagqu City, and to evaluate the effect of a single online digital integrated media science popularization course on improving oral health literacy. Methods: A cluster sampling method was employed in which all students aged 9-15 years in the Seni District of Naqu City, Xizang Autonomous Region, 406 students were surveyed class-by-class using a paper questionnaire. After baseline data collection, the students received a single remote digital-multimedia oral-health education lesson; a follow-up questionnaire was administered one week later to evaluate whether the online course improved oral-health literacy. The instrument collected demographic information, basic oral-health knowledge, beliefs, self-care practices, and dental-service utilization. Data were analyzed with R 4.4.1 and SPSS 27.0. Results: The awareness rate of oral health knowledge among the children and adolescents in Xizang was less than 50%. More than half of the adolescents consumed high-sugar foods, such as desserts and sugary beverages daily. Only 15.98% of the adolescents brushed their teeth twice or more daily, 7.71% used dental floss daily before the course, and the usage rate of fluoride toothpaste was 45.45%. Oral health issues among the children and adolescents in Xizang severely impacted their daily lives, particularly in eating, pronunciation, and brushing. A single oral health education session showed no significant impact on the awareness rate or the conversion of knowledge into behavior. Conclusion: The awareness rate of oral health knowledge among the children and adolescents in Xizang is lower than the national average a decade ago, and a significant portion has yet to develop good personal oral hygiene habits. Targeted measures are needed to improve oral health awareness among the children and adolescents in Xizang. These may include utilizing interactive digital education tools and emphasizing oral disease prevention to enhance both the awareness rate of oral health knowledge and the conversion of knowledge into behavior.

Key words: Oral health literacy, Children and adolescents, Oral health education, Cross-sectional study, Xizang Autonomous Region

中图分类号: 

  • R780.1

表1

问卷回收基本信息"

Demographics Pre-education lesson，n(%) Post- education lesson, n(%) P
Age/years 9 3 (0.83) 3 (0.95) >0.999
10 20 (5.51) 18 (5.70) >0.999
11 22 (6.06) 21 (6.65) 0.877
12 104 (28.65) 91 (28.80) >0.999
13 165 (45.45) 147 (46.52) 0.841
14 47 (12.95) 35 (11.08) 0.804
15 2 (0.55) 1 (0.32) >0.999
Gender Boy 182 (50.14) — —
Girl 181 (49.86) — —
Only child Yes 17 (4.68) — —
No 346 (95.6) — —
Parent’s educational background Primary school or below 311 (85.67) — —
Middle school or high school 39 (10.74) — —
Secondary specialized school or associate degree 7 (1.93) — —
Bachelor’s degree or higher 6 (1.65) — —

表2

西藏自治区及第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查儿童青少年口腔健康知识知晓率"

表3

西藏自治区及第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查儿童青少年口腔健康态度"

表4

西藏自治区及第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查儿童青少年饮食习惯及个人口腔卫生习惯"

表5

西藏自治区儿童青少年各种口腔问题发生率"

Oral health status Pre-education，n(%) Post-education，n(%) P(pre-post)
Dental caries 115 (31.68) 88 (27.85) 0.32
Gingivitis 94 (25.90) 97 (30.70) 0.19
Periodontitis 82 (22.59) 73 (23.10) 0.95
Gum bleeding 147 (40.50) 120 (37.97) 0.55
Malocclusion 42 (11.57) 33 (10.44) 0.73
Mouth ulcer 98 (27.00) 86 (27.22) >0.99
Dental injure(off-campus) 106 (29.20) 74 (23.42) 0.11
Dental injure(on-campus) 34 (9.37) 39 (12.34) 0.26

表6

西藏自治区及第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查儿童青少年口腔问题对生活的影响"

The impact of oral health issues on daily life Pre-education lesson，n(%) Post-education lesson，n(%) P National data (ND)，n(%) P(pre-ND) P(post-ND)
Eating 193 (53.17) 166 (52.53) 0.929 4 33 683 (28.4) ＜0.001 ＜0.001
pronouncing 127 (34.99) 106 (33.54) 0.753 7 11 860 (10.0) ＜0.001 ＜0.001
Brushing 119 (32.78) 120 (37.97) 0.182 7 22 534 (19.0) ＜0.001 ＜0.001
Doing housework 86 (23.69) 83 (26.27) 0.493 4 4 270 (3.6) ＜0.001 ＜0.001
Going to school 106 (29.20) 91 (28.80) 0.975 4 10 081 (8.5) ＜0.001 ＜0.001
Sleeping 103 (28.37) 92 (29.11) 0.898 7 13 521 (11.4) ＜0.001 ＜0.001
Smiling 107 (29.48) 87 (27.53) 0.398 7 19 569 (16.5) ＜0.001 ＜0.001
Mood 118 (32.51) 85 (26.90) 0.131 5 - - -
Making friends 88 (24.24) 75 (23.73) 0.948 5 14 588 (12.3) ＜0.001 ＜0.001
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ISSN 1671-167X
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