北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 409-413. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2019.03.006
陈瑶1,2,张晓辉1,2,许兰平1,2,刘开彦1,2,秦炯3,杨艳玲4,黄晓军1,2△()
Yao Chen1,2,Xiao-hui ZHANG1,2,Lan-ping XU1,2,Kai-yan LIU1,2,Jiong QIN3,Yan-ling YANG4,Xiao-jun HUANG1,2△()
摘要: 目的 X-连锁肾上腺脑白质营养不良(X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy,ALD)是一种严重的遗传性疾病,导致神经系统迅速恶化和过早死亡,异基因造血干细胞移植(hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT)仍然是唯一能阻止该疾病神经症状的治疗方法。然而,许多患者缺乏合适的人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)匹配相关供体,必须依赖替代供体作为干细胞来源,故本研究探讨采用单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗肾上腺脑白质营养不良患儿。方法 2014年12月至2018年12月, 8例无HLA完全相合供体的ALD儿童接受了单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植治疗。预处理方案主要用药为马利兰(9.6 mg/kg)、环磷酰胺(200 mg/kg)和氟达拉滨(90 mg/m 2),预防移植物抗宿主病的药物包括抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白、环孢菌素A、霉酚酸酯和短疗程甲氨蝶呤。 结果 8例患儿均接受父亲来源的单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植治疗。患儿中位年龄为8岁(范围5~12岁),供者中位年龄为36(32~40)岁。干细胞来源采用粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,G-CSF)动员的骨髓联合动员后的外周血采集物,总有核细胞中位数为10.89 (9.40~12.16)×10 8/kg, CD34 +细胞中位数为7.06(0.74~7.80)×10 6/kg。中性粒细胞植入发生在移植后11 d(范围8~13 d),血小板植入中位时间为移植后10 d(范围8~12 d), 所有患儿在植入时均获得完全的供体细胞嵌合。4例患儿患有Ⅱ~Ⅳ级急性移植物抗宿主病,1例患儿患有慢性移植物抗宿主病,均无重度慢性移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host disease GVHD)发生。所有患儿中发生2例巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)血症,2例EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)血症。总体来看,7例患儿无严重相关移植合并症发生且均生存,1例患儿移植后125 d癫痫后脑疝死亡。 结论 初步观察表明,采用这种新方案的单倍体异基因干细胞移植能成功地实现ALD患者的完全供体嵌合;根据我们的经验,单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗肾上腺脑白质营养不良是安全可行的。
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