外侧锁定接骨板治疗股骨远端骨折术后翻修的相关影响因素

doi:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2022.06.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析外侧锁定接骨板治疗股骨远端骨折术后因骨折不愈合或内固定断裂需要进行翻修手术的相关因素。方法: 回顾性分析了北京大学第三医院2005年3月至2019年3月诊治的股骨远端骨折患者的临床资料，共有130例患者纳入该研究，翻修组12例，未翻修组118例。利用SPSS 17.0软件对患者的一般情况[性别、年龄、体重指数(body mass index，BMI)、合并基础疾病、吸烟史]、损伤相关因素(受伤原因、开放或闭合性损伤、骨折AO/OTA分型、骨折累及区域分布)、手术相关因素(手术时间、复位质量、是否出现术后感染)及内固定结构等临床资料进行单因素比较及Logistic回归分析。结果: 130例纳入该研究的患者中12例进行了翻修手术，翻修率为9.2%。单因素分析发现年龄、BMI、骨折AO/OTA分型、骨折累及区域、手术时间、复位质量、接骨板长度/骨折区长度及髁螺钉上方的接骨板长度/骨折区长度在翻修组和未翻修组的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；Logistic回归分析发现骨折AO/OTA分型中A3型骨折、骨折累及髁上区域、手术时间、复位质量和髁螺钉上方的接骨板长度/骨折区长度是外侧锁定接骨板治疗股骨远端骨折术后翻修的相关因素(P＜0.05)。A3型骨折干骺端内侧皮质粉碎破坏其内侧支撑能力、骨折累及髁上皮质骨区域、骨折复位不良导致外侧接骨板承受的弯曲应力增加、长时间手术操作造成骨折端血运破坏、接骨板的长度不足造成应力集中等因素可能是外侧锁定接骨板术后翻修的危险因素。对于外侧锁定接骨板治疗失败的股骨远端骨折患者，辅助使用内侧微创接骨板固定+自体骨移植、更换髓内钉等是临床常用的治疗策略。结论: 骨折AO/OTA分型中A3型骨折、骨折累及髁上区域、复位质量不良、长手术时间及髁螺钉上方的接骨板长度/骨折区长度不足是影响外侧锁定接骨板治疗股骨远端骨折术后翻修的相关因素；个性化的选择合理的接骨板及手术策略是降低外侧锁定接骨板治疗股骨远端骨折术后的翻修率的关键。

关键词: 股骨远端骨折, 锁定接骨板, 外侧, 翻修, 相关因素

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the factors related to the need for revision surgery due to nonunion or internal fixation failure after the treatment of distal femoral fracture with lateral locking plate (LLP). Methods: Retrospective analysis was made of the clinical data of 130 cases with distal femoral fracture treated in our hospital from March 2005 to March 2019. SPSS 17.0 software (univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis) was used to analyze the general condition [gender, age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, smoking history], injury related factors (energy of injury, open or closed injury, AO/OTA classification of fracture, fracture area distribution), operation related factors (operation time, reduction quality, postoperative infection) and construct characteristics of internal fixation. Results: Twelve of 130 patients who were included in the study underwent revisional surgery, with a revision rate 9.2%. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, BMI, AO/OTA classification, fracture area distribution, operation time, reduction quality, length of plate/fracture area, length of plate/fracture area above condylar between the two groups (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that AO/OTA classification (A3), supracondylar involved fracture, operation time, reduction quality and the length of the plate/fracture area above the condylar were the possible related factors (P < 0.05). Destruction of the medial support ability of the femur in comminuted type A3 fracture, supra-condylar cortex area fracture involvement, increase of the bending stress of the LLP due to poor fracture reduction quality, damage of the blood supply of fracture end due to long-time operation, and stress concentration caused by insufficient length of plate might be risk factors of revisional operation after the treatment of distal femoral fracture with LLP. For the patients who needed revision after LLP treatment, additional use of medial minimally invasive plate fixation and autologous bone transplantation, change to intramedullary nail fixation were commonly used clinical treatment strategies. Conclusion: AO/OTA classification (A3), supracondylar involved fracture, long operation time, poor reduction quality and the length of the plate/fracture area above the condylar were the possible predictive factors of the revision in distal femoral fractures treated with lateral locking plate. The appropriate application of the locking plate and operation strategy are the key to reduce the revision rate in distal femoral fractures.

Key words: Distal femoral fracture, Locking plate, Lateral, Revision, Predictive factors

中图分类号:

R683.4

侯国进,周方,田耘,姬洪全,张志山,郭琰,吕扬,杨钟玮. 外侧锁定接骨板治疗股骨远端骨折术后翻修的相关影响因素[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2022, 54(6): 1172-1177.

Guo-jin HOU,Fang ZHOU,Yun TIAN,Hong-quan JI,Zhi-shan ZHANG,Yan GUO,yang LV,Zhong-wei YANG. Related factors of revision of distal femoral fractures treated with lateral locking plate[J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2022, 54(6): 1172-1177.

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Factors	Non-revision (n=118)	Revision (n=12)	Statistics	P value
Male/female, n	26/92	4/8	χ²=0.783	0.376
Age/years, ${\bar x}$±s	60.7±15.2	69.1±11.0	t=-2.428	0.028
BMI/(kg/m²), ${\bar x}$±s	24.9±3.6	26.9±2.4	t=-2.661	0.017
Smoking (yes/no), n	8/110	1/11	χ²=0.041	0.840
Diabetes (yes/no)，n	28/90	2/10	χ²=0.306	0.580
Use of corticosteroids (yes/no)，n	6/112	0/12		0.553
Energy of injury (low/high)，n	64/54	10/2	χ²=3.761	0.052
Open/closed fracture, n	12/106	0/12	χ²=1.344	0.246
AO/OTA fracture type (A2/A3/C1/C2)，n	26/40/10/42	0/10/0/2	χ²=11.735	0.008
Supracondylar involved (yes/no)，n	56/62	12/0	χ²=12.054	0.001
Quality of reduction (good/poor)，n	85/33	5/7	χ²=4.715	0.030
Length of surgery/min, ${\bar x}$±s	144.0±46.6	174.8±58.4	t=2.133	0.035
R1, ${\bar x}$±s	3.0±1.4	2.4±0.5	t=3.375	0.002
R2, ${\bar x}$±s	3.2±1.2	2.3±0.5	t=2.507	0.013
R3, ${\bar x}$±s	0.35±0.29	0.19±0.17	t=1.875	0.066
D, M (Min, Max)	0.57 (0.31, 1)	0.56 (0.45, 0.78)	z=-0.567	0.570

Predictors	Regression coefficient	Standard error	Wald χ²	P value	OR	OR 95%CI
Type of fracture	3.570	1.175	9.232	0.002	35.511	3.551-355.159
Distribution of fracture	3.316	1.224	7.339	0.007	0.036	0.003-0.400
Length of surgery	0.021	0.009	5.613	0.018	1.021	1.004-1.039
Reduction quality	1.557	0.815	3.648	0.036	4.745	0.960-23.450
R2	-1.284	0.593	4.691	0.030	0.277	0.087-0.885
Constant	-4.328	2.184	3.926	0.048	0.013

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