北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 435-439.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京市三级综合医院急性上呼吸道感染患者抗菌药使用情况分析

武轶群1, 席韩旭1, 张洋1, 孙可欣1, 周子君2, 胡永华1△   

  1. (北京大学公共卫生学院 1. 流行病与卫生统计学系; 2. 卫生政策与管理学系, 北京100191)
  • 出版日期:2014-06-18 发布日期:2014-06-18

Utilization of antibacterial agents for emergency patients with acute upper respiratory infections in tertiary hospitals in Beijing

WU Yi-qun1, XI Han-xu1, ZHANG Yang1, SUN Ke-xin1, ZHOU Zi-jun2, HU Yong-hua1△   

  1. (1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2. Department of Health Policy and Administration, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China)
  • Online:2014-06-18 Published:2014-06-18

摘要: 目的:了解北京市三级综合医院急性上呼吸道感染患者抗菌药的使用情况。方法:利用北京市10所三级综合医院城镇职工基本医疗保险数据资料,选取其中诊断为急性上呼吸道感染的急诊病例作为研究样本,对抗菌药的使用频率及种类进行描述和分析。结果:共纳入135 979例急性上呼吸道感染急诊病例资料,病例年龄为(43.6±16.2)岁,男性占42.7%。抗菌药的总使用率为71.2%(95% CI 71.0%~71.5%),大部分(80.0%,95% CI 79.7%~80.2%)为单独用药,其中急性扁桃体炎的抗菌药使用率最高为85.1%(95% CI 84.5%~85.6%),其余依次为急性喉炎和气管炎81.6%(95% CI 80.4%~82.8%)、急性会厌炎81.4%(95% CI 77.7%~85.0%)、急性鼻窦炎77.0%(95% CI 74.6%~79.4%)、急性鼻咽炎74.3%(95% CI 73.7%~75.0%)、普通感冒67.6%(95% CI 67.3%~ 67.9%)。男性的抗菌药使用率略高于女性(73.2%,95% CI 72.8%~73.6%vs. 69.7%,95% CI 69.4%~70.0%), 60岁及以上病例抗菌药的使用率低于60岁以下者(72.1%,95% CI 71.8%~72.3%vs. 66.8%,95% CI 66.2%~67.5%)。在使用抗菌药的病例中,有50.6%(95% CI 50.3%~50.9%)的病例使用了注射用抗菌药。抗菌药的应用种类以第二代头孢菌素类药物应用最多(28.4%),其余依次为第三代头孢菌素类(21.7%)、氟喹诺酮类(21.0%)和大环内酯类(17.6%)。结论:北京市综合医院急性上呼吸道感染病例抗菌药使用比例较高,所用抗菌药以第二、三代头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类和大环内酯类药物为主。

关键词: 呼吸道感染, 抗菌药, 急诊处理

Abstract: Objective:
To investigate the use of antibacterial agents for emergency patients with acute upper respiratory infections in tertiary hospitals in Beijing.
Methods: We used the medical claim data for urban workers in 10 tertiary hospitals in Beijing from Oct. 2010 to Sep. 2012. Medical records of emergency patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections had been selected as the study sample. The proportions of antibacterial prescriptions and categories of antibacterial drugs were described and analyzed.Results: This study included 135 979 visitors (male: 42.7%; mean age: 43.6±16.2 years). The average antibacterial prescription rate was 71.2% (95%CI 71.0%-71.5%), of which the single kind use was 80.0% (95%CI 79.7%-80.2%). Among acute upper respiratory tract infections, the antibacterial prescription rate for acute tonsillitis visits was highest (85.1%, 95%CI 84.5%-85.6%), followed by acute laryngitis and bronchitis (81.69%, 95%CI 80.4%-82.8%), acute pharyngitis (81.4%, 95%CI 77.7%-85.0%), acute sinusitis (77.0%, 95%CI 74.6%-79.4%), acute nasopharyngitis (74.3%, 95%CI 73.7%-75.0%), and common cold (67.6%, 95%CI 67.3%-67.9%). Compared with the female group, the antibacterial prescription rate for the male was higher (73.2%, 95%CI 72.8%-73.6% vs. 69.7%, 95%CI 69.4%-70.0%). Compared with the <60 years age cases, the antibacterial prescription rate for the ≥60 years cases was higher (72.1%, 95%CI 71.8%-72.3% vs. 66.8%, 95%CI 66.2%-67.5%). In the visitors who used antibacterial drugs, the average percentage of injection use was 50.6% (95%CI 50.3%-50.9%). The top antibacterial drugs in the list of varieties were the second generation cephalosporins (28.4%), followed by the third generation cephalosporins (21.7%), fluoroquinolones (21.0%) and macrolides (17.6%). Conclusion: The antibacterial prescription rate for acute upper respiratory tract infections in the general hospitals in Beijing is high, and the second generation cephalosporins, third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and macrolides take the lead in the total antibacterial drugs.

Key words: Respiratory tract infectionsin, Anti-bacterial agents, Emergency treatment

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