中山市儿童青少年青春期身高生长突增规律

doi:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2021.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析广东省中山市中小学生青春期身高突增高峰年龄和身高突增高峰速度特征,探究儿童青少年青春期身高生长突增规律;纵向追踪中山市儿童青少年身高的发育情况,了解青春期身高生长突增规律。方法: 基于广东省中山市2005—2016年间全市中小学生体检数据库,筛选其中持续追踪6次以上的个体作为研究样本,使用SITAR模型对样本人群身高数据进行拟合,计算其身高突增高峰年龄和身高突增高峰速度。结果: 共纳入研究对象49 579人,其中男生26 524人,城市学生26 008人,男、女生中位随访年龄分别为7.74和7.72岁,男生身高突增高峰年龄为(12.72±0.89)岁,晚于女生的(10.98±0.95)岁(t=207.639,P<0.001),男生的身高突增高峰速度为(10.12±1.49) cm/年,高于女生的(8.35±1.12) cm/年(t=150.826,P<0.001)。城市、乡村学生中身高突增高峰年龄和身高突增高峰速度的性别差异与全样本保持一致。城市男生的身高突增高峰年龄早于乡村男生,身高突增高峰速度小于乡村男生,城市女生身高突增高峰年龄早于乡村女生,身高突增高峰速度大于乡村女生。结论: 广东省中山市中小学生青春期女生突增高峰年龄早于男生,但突增高峰速度低于男生,城市学生突增高峰年龄较乡村学生早,但是城市男生突增高峰速度低于乡村男生。

关键词: 儿童青少年, 身高突增高峰速度, 身高突增高峰年龄, 生长突增

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of the age at peak height velocity and peak height velocity of primary and middle school students in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, and to explore the law of the sudden increase in adolescent height in this area, and to understand the law of height growth spurt in adolescence by longitudinal tracking of the height of children and adolescents in Zhong-shan City. Methods: Based on the physical examination database of primary and middle school students in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province from 2005 to 2016, individuals who had been continuously tracked for more than 6 times were selected as research samples. SITAR model was used to fit the height data of the sample population, and the age at peak height velocity and peak height velocity were calcula-ted. Results: A total of 49 579 subjects were included in this study, including 26 524 boys and 26 008 urban students. The median follow-up ages of boys and girls were 7.74 and 7.72 years, respectively. The boy’s height spurt peak age was (12.72±0.89) years, and later than the girls at the age of (10.98±0.95) years (t=207.639, P<0.001), the boy’s height spurt peak velocity of (10.12±1.49) cm/year, higher than the girls of (8.35±1.12) cm/year (t=150.826, P<0.001). The gender differences of height spurt peak age and height spurt peak speed in urban and rural students were consistent with the whole sample. The height surge peak age of urban male students was earlier than that of rural male students, and the height surge peak speed of urban female students was lower than that of rural female students. Conclusion: The peak age of the surge of girls was earlier than that of boys, but the peak rate of the surge of girls was lower than that of boys, the peak age of urban students was earlier than that of rural students, but the peak rate of urban boys was lower than that of rural boys in Guangdong Province.

Key words: Children and adolescents, Peak height velocity, Age at peak height velocity, Growth spurt

中图分类号:

R195.2

陈曼曼,杨招庚,苏彬彬,李艳辉,高迪,马莹,马涛,董彦会,马军. 中山市儿童青少年青春期身高生长突增规律[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2021, 53(3): 506-510.

CHEN Man-man,YANG Zhao-geng,SU Bin-bin,LI Yan-hui,GAO Di,MA Ying,MA Tao,DONG Yan-hui,MA Jun. Analysis on the law of height growth spurt in adolescence of children and adolescents in Zhongshan City[J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2021, 53(3): 506-510.

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Variables	Boys (n=26 524)	Girls (n=23 055)	P
Urban,n(%)	13 797 (53.0)	12 211 (47.0)	0.035
Rural,n(%)	12 727 (54.0)	10 844 (46.0)
Age at first physical examination/years, $\bar{x} \pm s$	8.75±1.19	8.80±1.20	<0.001
Age at last physical examination/years, $\bar{x} \pm s$	16.49±1.00	16.52±0.98	0.004
Number of follow-up,n(%)
6	3 391 (12.8)	2 663 (11.6)	<0.001
7	6 243 (23.5)	5 517 (23.9)
8	5 696 (21.5)	5 235 (22.7)
9	5 793 (21.8)	4 934 (21.4)
10	3 560 (13.4)	3 039 (13.2)
11	1 664 (6.3)	1 524 (6.6)
12	177 (0.7)	143 (0.6)
Follow-up time/years, M	7.74	7.72	0.063

Items	Boys	Girls	t^a	P
Urban/years, $\bar{x} \pm s$	12.64±0.87	10.90±0.92	156.831	<0.001
Rural/years, $\bar{x} \pm s$	12.80±0.91	11.08±0.98	138.759	<0.001
Total/years, $\bar{x} \pm s$	12.72±0.89	10.98±0.95	207.639	<0.001
t^b	-14.575	-14.301
P	<0.001	<0.001

Items	Boys	Girls	t^a	P
Urban/(cm/year), $\bar{x} \pm s$	10.05±1.43	8.38±0.94	112.473	<0.001
Rural/(cm/year), $\bar{x} \pm s$	10.21±1.55	8.33±1.29	101.821	<0.001
Total/(cm/year), $\bar{x} \pm s$	10.12±1.49	8.35±1.12	150.826	<0.001
t^b	-8.877	3.287
P	<0.001	0.001