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北京大学学报（医学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 1081-1088. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2025.06.010

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

全髋关节置换术治疗系统性红斑狼疮继发股骨头缺血性坏死的随访研究

王晓林1,*, 郭邵逸2,*, 陈大召2, 温锡杰3, 华勇4, 张亮2,*(), 张秦5,*()   

  1. 1. 首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院麻醉科，北京 100035
    2. 首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院矫形骨科，北京 100035
    3. 河北省沧州中西医结合医院骨科，河北沧州 061000
    4. 高唐县中医院骨科，山东聊城 252800
    5. 首都医科大学附属北京中医医院风湿免疫科，北京 100010
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-12 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2025-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 张亮, 张秦
  • 作者简介:

    * These authors contributed equally to this work

A follow-up study on total hip arthroplasty in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus combined with osteonecrosis of femoral head

Xiaolin WANG1, Shaoyi GUO2, Dazhao CHEN2, Xijie WEN3, Yong HUA4, Liang ZHANG2,*(), Qin ZHANG5,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
    2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
    3. Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
    4. Department of Orthopedics, Gaotang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaocheng 252800, Shandong, China
    5. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
  • Received:2025-08-12 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2025-11-25
  • Contact: Liang ZHANG, Qin ZHANG

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摘要：

目的: 评价全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty，THA)治疗系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE)合并终末期股骨头缺血性坏死(osteonecrosis of femoral head，ONFH)的临床随访结果。方法: 回顾性分析2002年3月至2024年6月行THA治疗的SLE合并终末期ONFH患者235例(340髋)的临床资料。常规收集患者基线资料，包括人口学数据、疾病相关数据、髋关节及手术相关数据以及实验室检查结果。末次随访通过门诊问卷、电话或线上问卷星形式进行。髋关节主观评分采用Harris髋关节评分(Harris hip score，HHS)系统，客观评分采用12项简明版生活质量短表(short form 12，SF-12)评分系统。患者术后满意度采用四度分级系统进行评价，包括非常满意、比较满意、较不满意和非常不满意。结果: 患者随访时间为12.4~283.2个月，中位58.0(34.7，101.2)个月。至末次随访时，HHS从术前的32.0 (23.8，39.3)分提高至88.0(84.0，91.0)分，SF-12心理功能评分(mental component score，MCS)从术前的42.3(35.7，48.7)分提高至52.3 (47.8，55.9)分，SF-12躯体功能评分(physical component score，PCS)从术前的36.8(28.3，43.4)分提高至52.0(46.7，54.5)分，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。患者对髋关节满意度的评价结果显示，200髋(58.8%)为非常满意，120髋(35.3%)为比较满意，14髋(4.1%)为较不满意，6髋(1.8%)为非常不满意，总满意度为94.1%。术后内科并发症包括肺部感染6例(1.8%)、泌尿系统感染10例(2.9%)、胆囊炎1例(0.3%)、颅内感染1例(0.3%)、脑梗塞2例(0.6%)、肺栓塞2例(0.6%)、房颤2例(0.6%)；根据术后内科并发症结果，将患者分为内科并发症组(25髋)和无内科并发症组(315髋)，组间比较结果显示，术前SF-12 PCS(P=0.031)、术后SF-12 PCS(P=0.007)和术后HHS(P=0.005)差异有统计学意义。术后骨科并发症包括切口延迟愈合28例(8.2%)、关节弹响11例(3.2%)、假体周围感染3例(0.9%)、脱位3例(0.9%)以及假体周围骨折2例(0.6%)；根据术后骨科并发症结果，将患者分为切口延迟愈合组(28髋)和正常愈合组(312髋)，组间比较结果显示，术前SF-12 PCS(P=0.009)、术后SF-12 MCS(P=0.025)以及使用陶瓷对聚乙烯负重面的髋关节占比(P=0.009)差异存在统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，术前SF-12 PCS(P=0.014，OR=0.94)和是否使用陶瓷对聚乙烯负重面(P=0.014，OR=2.90)是THA术后发生切口延迟愈合的相关因素。结论: THA治疗SLE合并终末期ONFH的临床随访结果可靠，具有较高的临床评分和患者满意度，但存在较高比例的术后内科和骨科合并症，如泌尿系感染和切口延迟愈合等，因此，应特别重视该类患者的围手术期管理以求最大限度降低术后并发症的发生。

关键词: 系统性红斑狼疮, 股骨头坏死, 全髋关节置换术, 手术后并发症, 患者满意度

Abstract:

Objective: To evaluate the clinical results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for the treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with end-stage osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). Methods: Between March 2002 and June 2024, 235 SLE patients with end-stage ONFH who underwent 340 THAs were retrospectively reviewed. Before operation and at the last follow-up visit, the patient demographics, disease-related, hip and surgery-related, and laboratory parameters were collected via outpatient questionnaire, telephone, and online questionnaire. Objective clinical results were evaluated using the Harris hip score (HHS) system and subjective clinical results were evaluated using the short form-12 (SF-12) outcome score. The patient satisfaction at the last follow-up was evaluated by using a four-point scale with the options "very unsatisfied", "unsatisfied", "satisfied", or "very satisfied". Results: The median duration of follow-up was 58.0 (34.7, 101.2) months (12.4-283.2 months). At the last follow-up, the HHS increased from 32.0 (23.8, 39.3) before surgery to 88.0 (84.0, 91.0), the SF-12 mental component score (MCS) increased from 42.3(35.7, 48.7) before surgery to 52.3 (47.8, 55.9) and the SF-12 physical component score (PCS) increased from 36.8 (28.3, 43.4) before surgery to 52.0 (46.7, 54.5) (all P < 0.001). Evaluation of the hip satisfaction at the last follow-up showed that 58.8% (200 hips) were very satisfied, 35.3% (120 hips) were satisfied, 4.1% (14 hips) were less satisfied, 1.8% (6 hips) were very unsatisfactory, and the overall satisfaction rate was 94.1%. The postoperative systemic complications included pulmonary infection in 6 hips (1.8%), urinary tract infection in 10 hips (2.9%), cholecystitis in one hip (0.3%), intracranial infection in one hip (0.3%), cerebral infarction in 2 hips (0.6%), pulmonary embolism in 2 hips (0.6%), and atrial fibrillation in 2 hips (0.6%). Consequently, all hips were divided into those with systemic complications (25 hips) and those without systemic complications (315 hips). The results of intergroup comparisons showed significant differences in preoperative SF-12 PCS (P=0.031), postoperative SF-12 PCS (P=0.007), and postoperative HHS (P=0.005). The postoperative orthopedic complications included delayed wound healing in 28 hips (8.2%), joint noise in 11 hips (3.2%), periprosthetic infection in 3 hips (0.9%), dislocation in 3 hips (0.9%), and periprosthetic fracture in 2 hips (0.6%). All hips were divided into the delayed wound healing group (28 hips) and the normal wound healing group (312 hips). The results of intergroup comparisons revealed significant differences in preoperative SF-12 PCS (P=0.009), postoperative SF-12 MCS (P=0.025), and the proportion of THA using ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing (P=0.009) between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that preoperative SF-12 PCS (P=0.014, OR=0.94) and the use of ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing surface (P=0.014, OR=2.90) were associated factors for delayed wound healing after THA. Conclusion: The clinical results of THA reconstruction for the treatment of ONFH in SLE patients were reliable with high level of clinical scores and patient satisfaction. Unfortunately, a relatively high rate of systemic and orthopedic complications, including urinary tract infection and delayed healing of incision, deserved attention. Therefore, the perioperative management regimen should be emphasized in order to minimize the risk of postoperative complications.

Key words: Systemic lupus erythematosus, Femur head necrosis, Total hip arthroplasty, Postoperative complications, Patient satisfaction

中图分类号: 

  • R687.42

表1

内科并发症组和无内科并发症组的组间比较"

Variable Total (n=340) Without systemic complication (n=315) With systemic complication (n=25) Statistic P
BMI/(kg/m2) 22.3 (19.9, 25.3) 22.3 (20.0, 25.4) 23.4 (19.7, 24.2) Z=-0.10 0.922
Gender χ2=0.09 0.763
    Male 54 (15.9) 49 (15.6) 5 (20.0)
    Female 286 (84.1) 266 (84.4) 20 (80.0)
Age at surgery/years 35.0 (27.0, 47.0) 35.0 (27.0, 46.0) 36.0 (28.0, 51.0) Z=-0.88 0.380
Age at SLE onset/years 28.0 (22.0, 38.0) 28.0 (22.0, 37.0) 32.0 (25.0, 40.0) Z=-1.43 0.152
Treatment interval/years 6.0 (4.0, 11.0) 6.0 (4.0, 11.0) 4.0 (3.0, 7.0) Z=-1.21 0.225
Preoperative steroid dose/mg 5.0 (2.5, 10.0) 5.0 (2.5, 10.0) 5.00 (5.0, 10.0) Z=-1.48 0.139
Immunosuppressant use 277.0 (81.5) 256.0 (81.3) 21.0 (84.0) χ2=0.01 0.944
Biologic agent use 16.0 (4.7) 16.0 (5.1) 0 (0.0) χ2=0.44 0.507
Combined APS 17.0 (5.0) 16.0 (5.1) 1.0 (4.0) χ2=0.00 >0.999
Laboratory tests
    WBC/(×109/L) 5.7 (4.6, 7.0) 5.9 (4.6, 7.0) 5.6 (4.9, 6.2) Z=-0.74 0.460
    HGB/(g/L) 125.0 (116.8, 136.0) 125.0 (117.0, 136.0) 124.0 (116.0, 137.0) Z=-0.20 0.843
    ESR/(mm/h) 19.0 (11.0, 36.0) 19.0 (11.0, 36.0) 19.0 (13.0, 34.0) Z=-0.10 0.918
    CRP/(mg/L) 5.4 (3.0, 9.7) 5.4 (3.0, 9.7) 6.0 (3.7, 9.7) Z=-0.14 0.885
    C3/(g/L) 0.8 (0. 6, 1.0) 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) 0.7 (0.6, 1.0) Z=-0.58 0.565
    C4/(g/L) 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) Z=-0.45 0.650
    ALB/(g/L) 42.2 (39.7, 44.9) 42.2 (39.7, 44.8) 42.1 (39.8, 45.7) Z=-0.42 0.671
    BUN/(mmol/L) 5.1 (4.0, 6.2) 5.2 (4.0, 6.4) 4.5 (4.0, 5.6) Z=-1.34 0.181
    Cr/(μmol/L) 56.0 (47.0, 67.0) 56.0 (47.0, 67.0) 53.0 (48.0, 62.0) Z=-0.39 0.699
    Anti-dsDNA positive 78.0 (22.9) 74.0 (23.5) 4.0 (16.0) χ2=0.74 0.391
    Urine protein positive 137.0 (40.29) 125.0 (39.68) 12.0 (48.0) χ2=0.67 0.414
Surgery side χ2=1.22 0.270
    Left 185.0 (54.6) 174.0 (55.4) 11.0 (44.0)
    Right 154.0 (45.4) 140.0 (44.6) 14.0 (56.0)
Surgical approach χ2=0.05 0.830
    Posterolateral 316.0 (92.9) 292.0 (92.7) 24.0 (96.0)
    DAA 24.0 (7.1) 23.0 (7.3) 1.0 (4.0)
Bearing surface χ2=0.26 0.612
    Ceramic-on-ceramic 233.0 (68.5) 217.0 (68.9) 16.0 (64.0)
    Ceramic-on-polyethylene 107.0 (31.5) 98.0 (31.1) 9.0 (36.0)
Disease-related score
    SLEDAI 4.00 (1.0, 5.0) 4.00 (1.0, 5.0) 4.0 (1.0, 5.0) Z=-0.32 0.749
    Preoperative HHS 32.0 (23.8, 39.3) 32.0 (23.5, 38.5) 34.0 (26.0, 41.0) Z=-0.49 0.624
    Preoperative SF-12 PCS 36.8 (28.3, 43.4) 36.8 (29.5, 43.5) 32.2 (25.1, 39.1) Z=-2.16 0.031
    Preoperative SF-12 MCS 42.3 (35.7, 48.7) 42.3 (35.8, 48.7) 42.5 (35.5, 48.5) Z=-0.38 0.704
    Postoperative HHS 88.0 (84.0, 91.0) 88.0 (85.0, 91.0) 85.0 (82.0, 88.0) Z=-2.79 0.005
    Postoperative SF-12 PCS 52.0 (46.7, 54.5) 52.0 (47.8, 54.5) 46.7 (37.8, 52.9) Z=-2.72 0.007
    Postoperative SF-12 MCS 52.3 (47.8, 55.9) 52.3 (48.0, 55.9) 50.2 (45.6, 55.6) Z=-0.98 0.329

表2

切口延迟愈合组和正常愈合组组间比较"

Variable Normal wound healing (n=312) Delayed wound healing (n=28) Statistic P
BMI/(kg/m2) 22.3 (20.0, 25.3) 19.8 (18.4, 24.7) Z=-1.35 0.176
Gender χ2=0.00 0.977
    Male 49 (15.7) 5 (17.9)
    Female 263 (84.3) 23 (82.1)
Age at surgery/years 35.0 (26.8, 46.3) 34.5 (29.0, 55.0) Z=-1.15 0.251
Age at SLE onset/years 28.0 (22.0, 37.0) 30.0 (24.5, 38.0) Z=-0.97 0.332
Treatment interval/years 6.0 (3.8, 11.0) 6.0 (4.0, 12.0) Z=-0.59 0.555
Preoperative steroid dose/mg 5.0 (2.5, 10.0) 5.0 (5.0, 10.0) Z=-1.10 0.272
Immunosuppressant use 254 (81.4) 23 (82.1) χ2=0.01 0.924
Biologic agent use 13 (4.2) 3 (10.7) χ2=1.21 0.271
Combined APS 16 (5.1) 1 (3.6) χ2=0.00 >0.999
Laboratory tests
    WBC/(×109/L) 5.8 (4.6, 6.9) 5.54 (4.8, 7.3) Z=-0.04 0.970
    HGB/(g/L) 124.5 (117.0, 136.0) 128.5 (114.5, 136.3) Z=-0.24 0.807
    ESR/(mm/h) 20.0 (11.8, 36.0) 17.0 (7.6, 22.8) Z=-1.58 0.114
    CRP/(mg/L) 5.3 (3.0, 9.5) 6.7 (3.4, 14.0) Z=-1.32 0.186
    C3/(g/L) 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) Z=-0.23 0.816
    C4/(g/L) 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) Z=-0.71 0.475
    ALB/(g/L) 42.2 (39.7, 44.9) 41.7 (40.5, 44.9) Z=-0.15 0.881
    BUN/(mmol/L) 5.1 (4.0, 6.1) 5.6 (4.3, 6.8) Z=-1.44 0.149
    Cr/(μmol/L) 56.0 (47.0, 66.0) 57.5 (50.0, 74.8) Z=-0.94 0.348
    Anti-dsDNA positive 75 (24.0) 3 (10.7) χ2=2.58 0.108
    Urine protein positive 126 (40.4) 11 (39.3) χ2=0.01 0.910
Surgery side χ2=0.26 0.612
    Left 171 (55.0) 14 (50.0)
    Right 140 (45.0) 14 (50.0)
Surgical approach χ2=0.13 0.714
    Posterolateral 289 (92.6) 27 (96.4)
    DAA 23 (7.4) 1 (3.6)
Bearing surface χ2=6.91 0.009
    Ceramic-on-ceramic 220(70.5) 13(46.4)
    Ceramic-on-polyethylene 92 (29.5) 15 (53.6)
Disease-related score
    SLEDAI 4.0 (1.0, 5.0) 4.0 (1.5, 5.0) Z=-0.51 0.611
    Preoperative HHS 32.0 (23.8, 40.0) 30.5 (24.8, 37.3) Z=-0.63 0.530
    Preoperative SF-12 PCS 36.8 (29.9, 43.4) 31.9 (22.1, 37.9) Z=-2.62 0.009
    Preoperative SF-12 MCS 42.4 (35.7, 48.8) 41.6 (38.9, 46.7) Z=-0.09 0.930
    Postoperative HHS 88.0 (84.0, 91.0) 87.5 (84.8, 91.0) Z=-0.06 0.949
    Postoperative SF-12 PCS 51.7 (46.7, 54.5) 53.4 (48.9, 56.0) Z=-1.79 0.073
    Postoperative SF-12 MCS 52.4 (47.8, 56.4) 50.9 (45.7, 52.7) Z=-2.25 0.025

表3

切口延迟愈合的多因素Logistic回归分析"

Variety β SE Z P OR (95%CI)
Female -0.40 0.55 -0.73 0.468 0.67 (0.23-1.98)
Age at surgery 0.01 0.02 0.46 0.646 1.01 (0.98-1.04)
Ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing surface 1.07 0.43 2.47 0.014 2.90 (1.25-6.76)
BMI -0.06 0.06 -1.06 0.290 0.94 (0.84-1.05)
Preoperative SF-12 PCS -0.06 0.02 -2.47 0.014 0.94 (0.90-0.99)
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