Perioperative management of a patient with Kennedy disease undergoing knee replacement: A case report
Received date: 2023-04-11
Online published: 2024-02-20
Copyright
肯尼迪病是一种罕见的X染色体连锁隐性遗传疾病, 发病率低, 以下运动神经元受累为主要表现, 具体可表现为四肢无力、肌肉萎缩、构音障碍、吞咽困难、饮水呛咳等。患者可能死于肺部感染和呼吸衰竭, 目前尚无有效治疗手段。此病患者临床麻醉学报道较少见, 并无明确的指南或专家共识。本文报道1例69岁合并冠心病的腰椎术后患者, 术前经肌电图检查和基因检测确诊为肯尼迪病, 行膝关节置换术的围术期麻醉处理过程。经过充分的术前会诊和评估, 在超声和神经刺激器引导下以0.25%(质量分数)罗哌卡因行股神经阻滞后, 以舒芬太尼、丙泊酚和依托咪酯进行全身诱导, 在不使用肌松剂的情况下置入喉罩, 控制呼吸。术中采用丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉, 患者生命体征平稳, 耐受良好, 手术过程顺利。术后患者苏醒迅速, 未出现恶心、呕吐、误吸、窒息等麻醉相关并发症, 术后肌力恢复良好, 于重症监护病房密切监测1 d后, 返回普通病房。术后采用神经阻滞联合口服非甾体类镇痛药, 必要时予哌替丁紧急补救的镇痛方案, 镇痛效果满意, 最终患者安全出院, 愈后良好。
白鹏 , 张浩 , 王洁初 , 朱赫 , 曾鸿 . 合并肯尼迪病患者行膝关节置换术围术期管理1例[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2026 , 58(1) : 225 -227 . DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2026.01.031
Kennedy disease is a rare X-linked recessive genetic disease with a low incidence rate. The main manifestations of motor neuron involvement include limb weakness, muscle atrophy, dysarthria, difficulty swallowing, and coughing after drinking water. The patient may die from pulmonary infection and respiratory failure, and there is currently no effective treatment available. There are few reports on anesthesia for such patients and no guidelines or expert consensus. This article reports on perioperative anesthesia management for a 69 years old patient who underwent lumbar spine surgery before with coronary heart disease. The patient was diagnosed with Kennedy disease through electromyography and genetic testing before surgery and underwent knee replacement surgery. After sufficient preoperative consultation and evaluation, femoral nerve block was performed with 0.25% ropivacaine under guidance with ultrasound and nerve stimulator, followed by induction of general anesthesia with sufentanil, propofol, and etomidate. A laryngeal mask was inserted without the use of muscle relaxants and breathing was controlled by machine. During the operation, propofol and remifentanil were used for total intravenous anesthesia. The patient had stable vital signs, well tolerated, and the surgical process was smooth. The time of recovery from anesthesia was short, and no anesthesia related complications, such as nausea, vomiting, aspiration, or suffocation was observed after the operation. Postoperative muscle strength recovery was good. After closely monitoring in the ICU for a day, the patient returned to the regular ward. A postoperative analgesia combination of nerve block and oral nonsteroidal analgesics was performed, and emergency pain rescue with pethidine was administered if necessary. The analgesic effect was satisfactory. The patient was safely discharged in the end and recovered well.
Key words: Kennedy disease; Anesthesia; General anesthesia; Nerve block
利益冲突 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
作者贡献说明 白鹏:撰写文章;张浩,采集数据和术后随访;王洁初:术前会诊和资料整理;朱赫:文献查阅和资料整理;曾鸿:麻醉指导,文章修改及审核。所有作者均参与论文修改,并对最终文稿进行审读和确认。
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