北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 501-504. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2019.03.018

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

老年髋部骨折患者围手术期血栓预防时限分析

张玮,张培训()   

  1. 北京大学人民医院创伤骨科,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-22 出版日期:2019-05-22 发布日期:2019-06-26
  • 作者简介:张培训,北京大学人民医院创伤骨科主任助理、教育部创伤救治与神经再生重点实验室副主任;中华医学会骨科学分会青年委员会副主任委员、中华医学会创伤学分会青年委员会副主任委员、北京医学会骨科学分会青年委员会副主任委员、北京医学会创伤学会青年委员会副主任委员、中国康复学会修复重建外科专业委员会周围神经学组副组长、北京医学会骨科学会基础学组副组长、国际矫形与创伤外科学会中国部青年委员会常务委员、基础学组常务委员。
    主要研究领域为周围神经的损伤修复与中枢重塑、关节周围骨折等。
    获2009年北京市科学技术委员会科技新星、2010年北京大学医学部优秀青年学者、2012年教育部新世纪优秀人才、2010年教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖(科学技术)技术发明一等奖、2012年教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖(科学技术)科技进步一等奖和教育部创新团队。国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)、国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)研究骨干;主持国家级和省部级科研课题13项,其中主持国家自然科学基金6项。以第一作者发表核心期刊论文21篇、SCI论文23篇,以责任作者发表SCI论文41篇。参与编写专著《骨折固定图谱》等18部,副主译1部。以第一申请人获国家专利2项。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划,2014CB542201)和教育部创新团队(IRT_16R01)

Analysis of prophylactic effect of extended-duration anticoagulant drugs in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture

Wei ZHANG,Pei-xun ZHANG()   

  1. Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2019-03-22 Online:2019-05-22 Published:2019-06-26
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB542201) and Ministry of Education Innovation Team of China (IRT_16R01)

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摘要: 目的 评估延长抗凝药物使用时间对静脉血栓栓塞症的预防效果,初步探索髋部骨折术后静脉血栓栓塞症的药物预防时限。方法 回顾性分析2017年11月至2018年10月就诊于北京大学人民医院的143例髋部骨折患者,分析抗凝药物使用时间与静脉血栓栓塞症发生率及用药期间出血发生率的关系,所有纳入研究的患者药物预防具体方案均按照2016版《中国骨科大手术静脉血栓栓塞症预防指南》建议执行,随访两组患者在骨折后5周内出现静脉血栓栓塞症情况及用药期间出血情况。静脉血栓栓塞症包括有症状及无症状的下肢深静脉血栓形成、肺动脉血栓栓塞症,所有出现下肢深静脉血栓的患者均需有血管彩超结果取得明确证据,以血管彩超结果为确定深静脉血栓形成的依据。出血情况包括但不限于消化道出血、伤口出血、颅内出血、椎管内血肿、眼底出血。结果 两组患者术后均未出现肺动脉血栓栓塞症,抗凝药物延长至术后2周组和4周组下肢深静脉血栓发病率分别为22.09%和8.77%(P=0.037),两组患者术后出现深静脉血栓形成的时间分别为术后(17.32±7.75) d和(29.20±0.17) d,两组患者抗凝药物使用期间均出现1例出血情况,用药期间出血发生率分别为1.16%和1.75%(P=0.769)。结论 抗凝药物使用时间延长至术后4周可显著降低术后静脉血栓栓塞症发病率,且不增加出血风险。存在出血风险的患者应仔细评估药物预防的风险及收益,选择最佳治疗方案。

关键词: 髋骨折, 围手术期, 静脉血栓栓塞, 预防, 抗凝时限

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the prophylactic effect of extended-duration anticoagulant drugs on venous thromboembolism, and to explore the time of drug prevention for venous thromboembolism after hip fracture.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 143 patients undergoing hip fractures from November 2017 to October 2018 in Peking University People’s Hospital was conducted to investigate the relationship between the extended-duration anticoagulant drug and the morbidity of venous thromboembolism and bleeding during the treatment. All the drug prevention programs for the patients included in the study were implemented in accordance with the 2016 edition of the Guidelines for Prevention of Venous Thrombosis in Orthopaedic Surgery by Orthopaedic Society of Chinese Medical Association. The patients in the two groups were followed up for venous thromboembolism and bleeding during the medication within 5 weeks after the fracture. Venous thromboembolism included symptomatic and asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities, pulmonary thromboembolism, and all the patients with deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities required vascular ultrasound results to obtain clear evidence. The results of vascular ultrasound were the basis for determining deep venous thrombosis. Bleeding conditions were included, but not limited to gastrointestinal bleeding, wound bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, intraspinal hematoma, and fundus hemorrhage. Results: There were no pulmonary thromboembolism in both groups after surgery. The morbidity of deep venous thrombosis was 22.09% and 8.77% in the 2-week and 4-week groups (P=0.037), the time to deep venous thrombosis in the two groups was (17.32±7.75) days and (29.20±0.17) days after surgery. One case of bleeding occurred during the use of anticoagulant drugs in both groups, the morbidity of bleeding during the treatment was 1.16% and 1.75% (P=0.769), respectively.Conclusion: Extended-duration anticoagulant drugs to 4 weeks after surgery can significantly reduce the morbidity of postoperative venous thromboembolism, and does not increase the risk of bleeding. Patients with a risk of bleeding should carefully assess the risks and benefits of drug prevention and choose the best treatment.

Key words: Hip fractures, Perioperative period, Venous thromboembolism, Prevention, Anticoagulation period

中图分类号: 

  • R619.2

表1

两组患者基本资料情况"

Items Duration of anticoagulant
drugs after surgery
2 weeks
(n=86)
4 weeks
(n=57)
Gender, n
Male 33 23
Female 53 34
Age/years, x?±s 75.35±9.33 75.77±8.96
Type, n
Femoral neck fracture 54 37
Intertrochanteric fracture 32 20
Surgery, n
Cannulated screw system 5 3
Hemiarthroplasty 30 21
Total hip arthroplasty 19 13
Proximal femoral nail antirotation 32 20
Caprini score, x?±s 8.67±1.99 8.49±2.14

表2

两组深静脉血栓形成及用药期间出血情况"

Items Duration of anticoagulant drugs after surgery χ2 P
2 weeks (n=86) 4 weeks (n=57)
Deep venous thrombosis, n(%) 19(22.09) 5(8.77) 4.355 0.037
Bleeding, n(%) 1(1.16) 1(1.75) 0.086 0.769
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