北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2017, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 919-923. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-167X.2017.05.032
刘畅1, 崔立刚1, 王宏磊2
LIU Chang1, CUI Li-gang1, WANG Hong-lei2
摘要: 肾尤文氏肉瘤/原始神经外胚层肿瘤(Ewing’s sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor,EWS/PNET)是一种罕见的肾肿瘤,恶性程度高,好发于儿童和青少年。患者多无特征性临床表现,常以腹痛或肉眼血尿而就诊。EWS/PNET临床进展迅速,易早期出现远隔转移并导致死亡,预后差,因此,及时、准确地做出诊断尤为重要。患者一经确诊,需接受包括根治性手术切除、化学治疗及放射治疗在内的综合治疗。遗憾的是,EWS/PNET在超声声像图及其他影像学检查中并无特异性表现。目前,肾EWS/PNET的诊断主要依靠其典型的组织学特点和免疫组织化学分析结果,特征性染色体异常也可作为有力的诊断依据。免疫组织化学分析CD99强阳性是其基本特征,t(11;22)染色体异位发生于大约90%的EWS/PNET病例中。本文报道了1例右肾EWS/PNET患者,患者为青年女性,以突发右侧腹痛为主要临床表现。超声检查时发现右肾下极可见一大的混合回声包块,对集合系统造成挤压导致肾上极扩张、积水。彩色多普勒检测到肿瘤内部存在动脉样血流频谱。患者接受了右肾肿瘤根治性切除术,并同时行右肾静脉和下腔静脉癌栓切除术。术后影像学检查提示,肿瘤未累及其他组织和器官。患者随后接受了共计6个周期的化学治疗。通过该肿瘤的特征性组织学特点和免疫组织化学结果,最终确诊为EWS/PNET。患者目前随访5年无复发征象。EWS/PNET的声像图表现虽无特异性,但超声检查仍是肿瘤初始评估的主要方法,超声引导下细针穿刺活检也具有重要的术前诊断价值。
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