关键词:  输尿管狭窄, 输尿管膀胱再植术, 肾移植

Abstract: Objective： To discuss the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation in the treatment of transplanted ureteral stenosis. Methods: One case of laparoscopic ureterovesicalre implantation in the treatment of ureteral stenosis after renal transplantation was reported, and related literatures was reviewed. A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with main complaint of hydronephrosis of transplanted kidney for five years after renal transplantation. Her physical examination showed slightly bulging in the transplanted kidney area without tenderness. The magnetic resonance urography (MRU) showed that the transplanted kidney and ureter were dilated obviously, with significant dilatation of renal pelvis and calyx, about 5 cm at the widest point of renal pelvis expansion, and the end of ureter was narrow, without abnormal filling defect in the ureter. The primary diagnosis was distal transplanted ureteral stenosis. After twice endoscopic ureteral dilatation by multi-endoscopic technique, there was no improvement in the hydronephrosis after the removal of the stent.After thorough preoperative preparation, laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation was performed under general anesthesia.Firstly, the median umbilical ligament, the lateral umbilical ligament and the peritoneal fold were cut off, and the anterior bladder space was dissociated distally. The space of left side wall of the bladder and the pubic bone was gradually dissociated, and the space of anterior bladder wall and the pubic bone was dissociated. Secondly, the right side wall of the bladder was dissociated from the head to the tail, and the surrounding structure was carefully identified to avoid injury of the ureter of the transplanted kidney.The transplanted ureter was sought between the right side of the bladder and the lower pole of the transplanted kidney. The distal end of the ureter was cut open, and the narrow section was cut off, confirming that no stenosis in the proximal ureter.The ureterocystic anastomosis was performed by Lich-Gregoir method (extra-bladder).Finally, the bladder tissue around the anastomosis site was fixed to the right pelvic wall to reduce tension. Results: The operation was completed successfully, the operation time was 210 min, the amount of bleeding was about 30 mL, and there was no surgical complication. The creatinine was stable after operation, with serum creatinine declining to 68 μmol/L, and serum creatinine 94 μmol/L before operation. The patient was discharged 5 days after operation. After follow-up of 3 months, KUB indicated that the position of ureteral stent was good and the function of renal transplantation was stable. Conclusion: Laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation is a safe and effective treatment for ureteral ureteral stricture after renal transplantation. Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery has less impact on renal renal allograft, with faster recovery, less bleeding, fewer complications, less postoperative pain and minimally invasive wound. This surgical procedure is difficult and requires an experienced urologist with high laparoscopic skills to perform.

Key words: Ureteral stricture, Ureterovesical reimplantation, Renal transplantation