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北京大学学报（医学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (1): 174-180. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2023.01.027

• 技术方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于三维下颌骨平均模型的颌骨标志点自动确定方法

高梓翔1,王勇1,2,温奥楠2,朱玉佳2,秦庆钊2,张昀3,王晶4,*(),赵一姣1,*()   

  1. 1. 北京大学医学部医学技术研究院，北京 100191
    2. 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院数字化研究中心，国家口腔医学中心，国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心，口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心，口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室，国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心，北京 100081
    3. 兰州市口腔医院，兰州 730031
    4. 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科，北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-10 出版日期:2023-02-18 发布日期:2023-01-31
  • 通讯作者: 王晶,赵一姣 E-mail:wjing0122@163.com;kqcadcs@bjmu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82071171);国家自然科学基金(81870815);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(21YF5FA165);北大医学顶尖学科及学科群发展专项(BMU2022XKQ003);北京大学口腔医院新技术新疗法项目(PKUSSNCT-22A06)

Automatic determination of mandibular landmarks based on three-dimensional mandibular average model

Zi-xiang GAO1,Yong WANG1,2,Ao-nan WEN2,Yu-jia ZHU2,Qing-zhao QIN2,Yun ZHANG3,Jing WANG4,*(),Yi-jiao ZHAO1,*()   

  1. 1. Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
    2. Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, Beijing 100081, China
    3. Lanzhou Stomatological Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China
    4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-10-10 Online:2023-02-18 Published:2023-01-31
  • Contact: Jing WANG,Yi-jiao ZHAO E-mail:wjing0122@163.com;kqcadcs@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071171);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870815);the Key R & D Program of Gansu Province of China(21YF5FA165);the Peking University Medicine Fund for World's Leading Discipline or Discipline Cluster Development(BMU2022XKQ003);the New Clinical Techniques and Therapies of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology(PKUSSNCT-22A06)

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摘要：

目的: 探索一种高效、自动确定三维下颌骨数据解剖标志点的方法，并对该方法的定点效果进行初步评价。方法: 选取40例颅颌面三维形态正常患者的CT数据(其中30例用来建立三维下颌骨平均模型，10例作为测试本研究方法确定下颌骨标志点效果的测试数据)，将数据导入到Mimics软件中进行下颌骨三维重建。在这40例三维重建后的下颌骨数据中，选取与中国人下颌骨特征均值更为接近的30例，在MATLAB软件中基于普氏分析(Procrustes analysis)算法对此30例下颌骨数据进行尺寸归一化处理，并在Geomagic Wrap软件中，构建上述30例下颌骨数据的三维平均形状模型，通过对称化处理、曲率采样、索引标记等过程，构建出具有18 996个类标志点和19个下颌骨解剖标志点索引的三维下颌骨结构化模板。应用开源非刚性配准算法程序Meshmonk，将上述构建的三维下颌骨模板通过非刚性变形与患者三维下颌骨数据进行匹配，获得患者三维下颌骨数据的19个解剖标志点位置。与口腔专家手动标注的标志点位置误差(定点误差)进行比较，评价本方法的准确性。结果: 将本研究方法应用于10例无显著下颌骨形态畸形患者数据，19个标志点的平均定点误差为1.42 mm，其中最小和最大误差分别为喙突顶点[右：(1.01±0.44) mm；左：(0.56±0.14) mm]和下颌升支前缘点[右：(2.52±0.95) mm；左：(2.57±1.10) mm]，中线点平均定点误差为(1.15±0.60) mm，双侧点平均定点误差为(1.51±0.67) mm。结论: 基于三维下颌骨平均模型和非刚性配准算法的三维下颌骨解剖标志点自动确定方法，可有效提高三维下颌骨数据特征自动标注的效率，其对无显著畸形下颌骨数据解剖标志点的自动确定效果可基本满足口腔临床应用的需求，对畸形下颌骨数据的标注效果有待进一步测试。

关键词: 下颌骨, 成像, 三维, 解剖标志, 结构模型

Abstract:

Objective: To explore an efficient and automatic method for determining the anatomical landmarks of three-dimensional(3D) mandibular data, and to preliminarily evaluate the performance of the method. Methods: The CT data of 40 patients with normal craniofacial morphology were collected (among them, 30 cases were used to establish the 3D mandibular average model, and 10 cases were used as test datasets to validate the performance of this method in determining the mandibular landmarks), and the 3D mandibular data were reconstructed in Mimics software. Among the 40 cases of mandibular data after the 3D reconstruction, 30 cases that were more similar to the mean value of Chinese mandibular features were selected, and the size of the mandibular data of 30 cases was normalized based on the Procrustes analysis algorithm in MATLAB software. Then, in the Geomagic Wrap software, the 3D mandibular average shape model of the above 30 mandibular data was constructed. Through symmetry processing, curvature sampling, index marking and other processing procedures, a 3D mandible structured template with 18 996 semi-landmarks and 19 indexed mandibular anatomical landmarks were constructed. The open source non-rigid registration algorithm program Meshmonk was used to match the 3D mandible template constructed above with the tested patient's 3D mandible data through non-rigid deformation, and 19 anatomical landmark positions of the patient's 3D mandible data were obtained. The accuracy of the research method was evaluated by comparing the distance error of the landmarks manually marked by stomatological experts with the landmarks marked by the method of this research. Results: The method of this study was applied to the data of 10 patients with normal mandibular morphology. The average distance error of 19 landmarks was 1.42 mm, of which the minimum errors were the apex of the coracoid process [right: (1.01±0.44) mm; left: (0.56±0.14) mm] and maximum errors were the anterior edge of the lowest point of anterior ramus [right: (2.52±0.95) mm; left: (2.57±1.10) mm], the average distance error of the midline landmarks was (1.15±0.60) mm, and the average distance error of the bilateral landmarks was (1.51±0.67) mm. Conclusion: The automatic determination method of 3D mandibular anatomical landmarks based on 3D mandibular average shape model and non-rigid registration algorithm established in this study can effectively improve the efficiency of automatic labeling of 3D mandibular data features. The automatic determination of anatomical landmarks can basically meet the needs of oral clinical applications, and the labeling effect of deformed mandible data needs to be further tested.

Key words: Mandible, Imaging, three-dimensional, Anatomic landmarks, Structural models

中图分类号: 

  • R782.2

图1

三维下颌骨模板的构建流程"

表1

模板法确定三维下颌骨标志点的定点误差"

Number Name of landmarks Abbreviations Distance error/mm, $\bar x \pm s$
1 Condylion (right) CoR 1.94±0.60
2 Condylion (left) CoL 2.24±0.97
3 Condyle lateral point (right) CLPR 0.77±0.50
4 Condyle lateral point (left) CLPL 0.96±0.38
5 Condyle medial point (right) CMPR 1.43±0.53
6 Condyle medial point (left) CMPL 1.37±0.44
7 Coronoid process (right) CPR 1.01±0.44
8 Coronoid process (left) CPL 0.56±0.14
9 Lowest point of the sigmoid notch (right) LPSNR 1.00±0.60
10 Lowest point of the sigmoid notch (left) LPSNL 0.75±0.37
11 Gonion (right) GoR 2.23±0.73
12 Gonion (left) GoL 1.82±1.17
13 Lowest anterior ramus (right) LARR 2.52±0.95
14 Lowest anterior ramus (left) LARL 2.57±1.10
15 Pogonion Pog 0.83±0.36
16 Menton Me 1.04±0.39
17 Gnathion Gn 0.84±0.32
18 Lower incisor LI 0.72±0.39
19 Supramental B 2.33±1.06

图2

三维下颌骨模板及19个解剖标志点"

图3

模板法确定下颌骨解剖标志点的效果"

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