潍坊市婴儿母亲回应性照护行为的影响因素

doi:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2025.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 描述婴儿母亲回应性照护行为的现况，借助信息-动机-行为技巧(information-motivation-behavioral skills，IMB)模型分析其影响因素和路径，为进一步开展回应性照护行为相关干预、全面促进儿童早期发展提供依据。方法: 本研究为横断面研究，通过方便抽样采用自行设计的调查问卷调查潍坊市部分婴儿母亲，了解其回应性照护行为以及回应性照护知识、社会支持、育儿自我效能情况，采用Logistics回归模型分析影响回应性照护行为的相关因素，采用结构方程模型进行影响因素的路径分析。将回应性照护得分不高于总分的下四分位数(P₂₅)定义为回应性照护不足。结果: 被调查的510名婴儿母亲的回应性照护行为平均得分为(16.41±3.99)分，回应性照护不足比例为25.7%。回应性照护不足组的母亲知识掌握得分(7.70±1.41)、社会支持得分(57.92±15.16)和育儿自我效能得分(30.36±6.48)分别低于充足组的得分，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。Logistics回归分析显示，母亲回应性照护知识水平[调整OR(adjusted OR，aOR)=0.795，95%CI：0.566~0.838]、社会支持(aOR=0.979，95%CI：0.961~0.996)、育儿自我效能(aOR=0.894，95%CI：0.857~0.932)是回应性照护行为的影响因素。结构方程模型显示，回应性照护知识(β=0.089，P=0.031)、社会支持(β=0.153，P=0.001)、育儿自我效能(β=0.296，P < 0.001)与回应性照护行为直接相关，其中回应性照护知识通过影响育儿自我效能(β=0.095，P=0.014)、社会支持通过影响育儿自我效能(β=0.497，P < 0.001)，与回应性照护行为间接相关。结论: 潍坊市部分婴儿母亲的回应性照护行为需要进一步改进，未来开发回应性照护干预策略时需针对照护者的需求给予相应的回应性照护知识，同时要从多方面为照护者提供社会支持，增强照护者的育儿自我效能，从而促进回应性照护行为的提升。

关键词: 回应性照护, 知识, 社会支持, 育儿自我效能

Abstract:

Objective: To describe the current status of responsive caregiving behavior of infant mothers, to analyze their influencing factors and pathways using the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model, and to provide a basis for further interventions related to responsive caregiving behaviors and comprehensive promotion of early childhood development. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect basic information about mothers and their infants, as well as data on mothers' responsive caregiving behavior, knowledge of responsive caregiving, social support, and parenting self-efficacy. Multivariate linear regression models were employed to analyze the influencing factors of responsive caregiving behavior, and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the pathways of these influencing factors. The criterion for inadequate responsive caregiving is defined as scores not exceeding the lower quartile (P₂₅) of the total score. Results: Among 510 mothers of aged 0-12 months infants in Weifang City, the average score for responsive caregiving behavior was 16.41±3.99. The proportion of inadequate responsive caregiving was 25.7%. Mothers in the insufficient responsive caregiving group had lower scores in knowledge (7.70±1.41), social support (57.92±15.16), and parenting self-efficacy (30.36±6.48) compared with those in the sufficient group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the influencing factors for responsive caregiving included the level of know-ledge about responsive parenting [adjusted OR (aOR)=0.795, 95%CI: 0.566-0.838], social support (aOR=0.979, 95%CI: 0.961-0.996), and parenting self-efficacy (aOR=0.894, 95%CI: 0.857-0.932). Structural equation modeling revealed that knowledge of responsive caregiving (β=0.089, P=0.031), social support (β=0.153, P=0.001), and parenting self-efficacy (β=0.296, P < 0.001) were directly related to responsive caregiving behavior. Additionally, knowledge of responsive caregiving indirectly affected responsive caregiving behavior through parenting self-efficacy (β=0.095, P=0.014), and social support indirectly affected responsive caregiving behavior through parenting self-efficacy (β=0.497, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The current level of responsive caregiving behavior among mothers of 0-1-year-old infants in Weifang City is not satisfactory. Future development of responsive caregiving interventions should focus on providing caregivers with relevant knowledge of responsive caregiving based on their needs. Additionally, it is essential to offer social support from multiple aspects to enhance caregivers' parenting self-efficacy, thereby promoting improvements in responsive caregiving behavior.

Key words: Responsive caregiving, Knowledge, Social support, Parenting self-efficacy

中图分类号:

R174

付子苑, 杨菲, 周末, 李昕璇, 王若凝, 崔宁轩, 黄敬, 张艺馨, 蒋华芳, 郭玉华, 周虹. 潍坊市婴儿母亲回应性照护行为的影响因素[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2025, 57(3): 481-486.

Ziyuan FU, Fei YANG, Mo ZHOU, Xinxuan LI, Ruoning WANG, Ningxuan CUI, Jing HUANG, Yixin ZHANG, Huafang JIANG, Yuhua GUO, Hong ZHOU. Influencing factors of responsive caregiving among infant mothers in Weifang City[J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2025, 57(3): 481-486.

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Characteristics	Total	Inadequate responsive caregiving, n(%)	χ²	P
Maternal age			2.752	0.253
＜30 years	226	50 (22.1)
30-34 years	174	50 (28.7)
≥35 years	102	29 (28.4)
Maternal education level			4.117	0.128
High school or below	38	15 (39.5)
Junior college/Undergraduate	389	95 (24.4)
Graduate or above	83	21 (25.3)
Age of child			4.322	0.229
0-3 months	199	55 (27.6)
4-6 months	140	29 (20.7)
7-9 months	94	22 (23.4)
10-12 months	77	25 (32.5)
Gender of child			1.181	0.277
Male	270	64 (23.7)
Female	240	67 (27.9)
Total income of household			5.730	0.057
Low	206	64 (31.1)
Middle	202	46 (22.8)
High	100	20 (20.0)

Characteristics	Crude OR (95%CI)	Adjusted OR (95%CI)
Maternal education level
High school or below	0.954 (0.552-1.647)	0.832 (0.456-1.517)
Junior college/Undergraduate	1.925 (0.850-4.360)	1.351 (0.526-3.469)
Graduate or above	1.00	1.00
Total income of household
Low	1.179 (0.654-2.128)	1.063 (0.552-2.047)
Middle	1.803 (1.018-3.194)	1.577 (0.832-2.990)
High	1.00	1.00
Responsive cargiving knowledge	0.689 (0.566-0.838)	0.795 (0.639-0.988)
Social support	0.953 (0.938-0.967)	0.979 (0.961-0.996)
Parenting self-efficacy	0.871 (0.839-0.904)	0.894 (0.857-0.932)

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