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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 1026-1031. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2021.06.003

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Effect of chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 on bone erosion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

ZHONG Hua,XU Li-ling,BAI Ming-xin,SU Yin()   

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2021-07-28 Online:2021-12-18 Published:2021-12-13
  • Contact: Yin SU E-mail:suyin0921@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671609);Beijing Scientific Program(Z191100006619111)

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Abstract:

Objective: To detect the serum level of soluble chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to analyze their correlation with bone erosion, as well as the clinical significance in RA. Methods: In the study, 105 cases of RA patients, 90 osteoarthritis (OA) patients and 25 healthy controls in Peking University People’s Hospital were included. All the clinical information of the patients was collected, and the serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels of both patients and healthy controls were measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels among different groups were compared. The correlation between serum levels with clinical/laboratory parameters and the occurrence of bone erosion in RA were analyzed. Independent sample t test, Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman’s rank correlation and Logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were significantly higher in the RA patients [250.02 (126.98, 484.29) ng/L, 108.43 (55.16, 197.17) ng/L] than in the OA patients [165.05 (75.89, 266.37) ng/L, 69.00 (33.25, 104.74) ng/L] and the health controls [79.47 (38.22, 140.63) ng/L, 55.44 (18.76, 95.86) ng/L] (all P<0.01). Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the level of serum CXCL9 was positively correlated with swollen joints (SJC), rheumatoid factor (RF) and disease activity score 28 (DAS28) (r=0.302, 0.285, 0.289; P=0.009, 0.015, 0.013). The level of serum CXCL10 was positively correlated with tender joints (TJC), SJC, C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, RF, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA), and DAS28 (r=0.339, 0.402, 0.269, 0.266, 0.345, 0.570, 0.540, 0.364; P=0.010, 0.002, 0.043, 0.045, 0.009, <0.001, <0.001, 0.006). Serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels in the RA patients with bone erosion were extremely higher than those without bone erosion [306.84 (234.02, 460.55) ng/L vs. 149.90 (75.88, 257.72) ng/L, 153.74 (89.50, 209.59) ng/L vs. 54.53 (26.30, 83.69) ng/L, respectively] (all P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that disease duration, DAS28 and serum level of CXCL9 were correlated with bone erosion in the RA patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were remarkably elevated in patients with RA, and correlated with disease activities and occurrence of bone erosion. Chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 might be involved in the pathogenesis and bone destruction in RA.

Key words: Rheumatoid arthritis, Bone erosion, Chemokine CXCL9, Chemokine CXCL10

CLC Number: 

  • R593.22

Figure 1

Serum levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in RA patients compared with osteoarthritis and healthy control groups RA, rheumatoid arthritis; OA, osteoarthritis; HC, healthy controls."

Table 1

Correlation between serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels with clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters in RA patients"

Characteristics CXCL9 CXCL10
r P r P
SJC 0.302 0.009 0.402 0.002
TJC 0.160 0.176 0.339 0.010
ESR 0.145 0.222 0.201 0.135
CRP 0.076 0.523 0.269 0.043
IgA 0.161 0.175 0.266 0.045
IgG 0.067 0.571 0.192 0.153
IgM 0.229 0.051 0.345 0.009
RF 0.285 0.015 0.570 <0.001
ACPA 0.031 0.793 0.540 <0.001

Figure 2

Correlation between serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels with disease activities in RA patients DAS28, disease activity score 28; RA, rheumatoid arthritis."

Table 2

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of RA patients with or without bone erosion"

Items All subjects Without bone erosion With bone erosion P value
Patients, n 52 17 35
Gender, n
Female 38 12 26 0.778
Male 14 5 9
Age/years 56 (52, 66) 55 (51, 66) 57 (52, 70) 0.667
Disease duration/month 60 (21, 204) 36 (8, 66) 84 (24, 240) 0.010
SJC, n 4 (1, 8) 2 (0, 8) 5 (2, 8) 0.234
TJC, n 4 (1, 8) 5 (2, 8) 2 (1, 7) 0.169
ESR/(mm/h) 52 (24, 100) 33 (13, 88) 61 (36, 102) 0.077
CRP/(mg/L) 21.30 (6.42, 53.25) 11.40 (3.07, 48.95) 30.90 (9.10, 53.80) 0.084
IgA/(g/L) 2.43 (1.75, 3.59) 2.01 (1.69, 2.86) 2.59 (1.80, 3.81) 0.172
IgG/(g/L) 11.95 (10.43, 13.30) 10.70 (9.77, 12.80) 12.40 (10.70, 14.30) 0.141
IgM/(g/L) 1.29 (0.82, 1.78) 1.22 (0.73, 1.51) 1.34 (0.92, 1.93) 0.310
RF/(IU/mL) 136.50 (31.28, 340.25) 133.00 (34.15, 404.50) 138.00 (28.00, 353.00) 0.984
ACPA/(U/mL) 144.57 (23.91, 200.00) 118.02 (63.96, 200.00) 155.81 (8.36, 200.00) 0.579
DAS28 4.74±1.26 4.52±1.35 4.85±1.22 0.385
CXCL9/(ng/L) 280.27 (150.50, 439.83) 149.90 (75.88, 257.72) 306.84 (234.02, 460.55) <0.001
CXCL10/(ng/L) 107.10 (52.62, 200.33) 54.43 (26.30, 83.69) 153.74 (89.50, 209.59) 0.001

Table 3

Multiple Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with RA patients with bone erosion"

Items β Wald OR 95%CI P value
Disease duration 0.015 6.550 1.015 1.003-1.026 0.010
ACPA -0.005 0.834 0.995 0.985-1.006 0.361
DAS28 1.063 4.539 2.896 1.089-7.701 0.033
CXCL9 0.011 8.339 1.012 1.004-1.019 0.004
CXCL10 -0.004 3.204 0.996 0.992-1.000 0.073
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