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北京大学学报（医学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 239-246. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.02.006

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国高中生静坐时长与健康素养现状及其影响因素调查

沈鹤军1,侍崇艳1,郑清2,黄玉3,景涛4,*()   

  1. 1. 南京体育学院体育教育与人文学院，南京 210014
    2. 江苏省邗江中学体育教研组，江苏扬州 225009
    3. 江苏省溧阳中学体育教研组，江苏溧阳 213300
    4. 南京体育学院运动健康学院康复治疗学系，南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-07 出版日期:2024-04-18 发布日期:2024-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 景涛 E-mail:3361154781@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2019年度教育学课题(BLA190212)

Investigation on the current situation and influencing factors of sitting time and health literacy among high school students in China

Hejun SHEN1,Chongyan SHI1,Qing ZHENG2,Yu HUANG3,Tao JING4,*()   

  1. 1. School of Physical Education and Humanities, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China
    2. Physical Education Teaching and Research Group, Hanjiang Middle School of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    3. Physical Education Teaching and Research Group, Liyang Middle School of Jiangsu Province, Liyang 213300, Jiangsu, China
    4. Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Exercise and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China
  • Received:2022-04-07 Online:2024-04-18 Published:2024-04-10
  • Contact: Tao JING E-mail:3361154781@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    the 2019 Pedagogy Project of the 13th Five Year Plan of NSFC(BLA190212)

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摘要：

目的: 调查我国高中生静坐时长与健康素养现状及其影响因素，为提升高中生的身心健康水平提供依据。方法: 采用分层随机整群抽样法，调查我国31个省、市和自治区(不包括香港、澳门特别行政区和中国台湾省数据)的高一和高二年级学生的静坐时长和健康素养。采用Kruskal-Wallis H法、独立样本Mann-Whitney U检验，并运用多元线性回归模型分析静坐时长与健康素养总分的影响因素。结果: 健康素养总评分在不同地区、城乡分布、家庭年收入、父母亲学历、年龄、性别的多组间比较，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)；静坐时长在不同地区、家庭年收入、父母亲学历、性别的多组间比较，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)，但在不同年龄、城乡分布的组间比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)；多元线性回归模型分析提示，健康素养总评分与家庭年收入、母亲学历呈正相关，与父亲学历、静坐时长呈负相关，标准化回归系数β比较显示，父亲学历(-0.32)>家庭年收入(0.15)>母亲学历(0.09)>平均每天静坐时长(-0.02)，即父亲学历的影响最大，家庭年收入次之；静坐时长与家庭年收入、母亲学历呈正相关，与健康素养总评分呈负相关，标准化回归系数β比较显示，家庭年收入(0.14)>母亲学历(0.13)>健康素养总评分(-0.02)，即家庭年收入的影响最大，母亲学历次之。结论: 我国高一和高二年级学生每天静坐时间总体较长，健康素养水平总体较低，健康素养水平和静坐时长互为负相关，且受高中生父母学历和家庭经济水平的影响较大。

关键词: 青少年, 静坐时长, 健康素养, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the current situation of sitting time and health literacy among high school students in China, in order to provide a basis for improving their physical and mental health levels. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to investigate the length of sitting time and health literacy of first and second grade high school students from 31 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China(data did not include that of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan Province of China). The Kruskal-Wallis H method, independent sample Mann-Whitney U test, and regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of sitting time and total health literacy score. Results: (1) The total score of health literacy was statistically significant (P < 0.01) in different regions, urban and rural distribution, annual family income, parents' educational background, age, and gender. (2) The length of sitting was statistically significant (P < 0.01) among multiple groups in different regions, family annual income, parental education, and gender. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups of different ages and urban-rural distribution (P>0.05). (3) The analysis of multiple linear regression model showed that the total score of health literacy was positively correlated with the family' s annual income and the mother' s education, and negatively correlated with the father' s education and the length of sitting. Standardized regression coefficient β comparison: Father' s education (-0.32) > family annual income (0.15) > mother' s education (0.09) > average daily sitting time (-0.02), with father' s education having the greatest impact, followed by family annual income. The length of sitting was positively related to the family' s annual income and the mother' s educational background, and negatively related to the total score of health literacy. Standardized regression coefficient β comparison: Annual family income (0.14) > education background of mother (0.13)> total score of health literacy (-0.02), with the impact of annual family income the largest, followed by education background of mother. Conclusion: China' s first and second grade high school students generally spend a long time sitting every day, and the level of health literacy is generally low. The level of health literacy and sitting time are negatively correlated with each other, and are most influenced by the educational background of high school students' parents and their family economic levels.

Key words: Adolescent, Sitting time, Health literacy, Root cause analysis

中图分类号: 

  • R179

表1

国内七大地区高中生的年龄、性别、城乡构成比分析"

Population situation East China(n=2 146) South China(n=777) North China(n=1 263) Central China(n=935) Northwest China(n=1 674) Southwest China(n=1 186) Northeast China(n=1 076) Total 7 regions(n=9 057) χ2 value P value
Urban and rural distribution, n(%) 136.422 < 0.01
  City/County/District 957 (44.6) 498 (64.1) 573 (45.4) 422 (45.1) 925 (55.3) 646 (54.5) 515 (47.9) 4 536 (50.1)
  Town and rural areas 1 189 (55.4) 279 (35.9) 690 (54.6) 513 (54.9) 749 (44.7) 540 (45.5) 561 (52.1) 4 521 (49.9)
Gender, n(%) 58.503 < 0.01
  Male 1 161 (54.1) 346 (44.5) 536 (42.4) 490 (52.4) 853 (51.0) 573 (48.3) 560 (52.0) 4 519 (49.9)
  Female 985 (45.9) 431 (55.5) 727 (57.6) 445 (47.6) 821 (49.0) 613 (51.7) 516 (48.0) 4 538 (50.1)
Age/years, n(%) 629.619 < 0.01
  14 32 (1.5) 8 (1.0) 12 (1.0) 67 (7.2) 25 (1.5) 19 (1.6) 45 (4.2) 208 (2.3)
  15 677 (31.5) 214 (27.5) 276 (21.9) 402 (43.0) 313 (18.7) 277 (23.4) 266 (24.7) 2 425 (26.8)
  16 922 (43.0) 377 (48.5) 520 (41.2) 354 (37.9) 647 (38.6) 465 (39.2) 436 (40.5) 3 721 (41.1)
  17 422 (19.7) 169 (21.8) 343 (27.2) 98 (10.5) 512 (30.6) 355 (29.9) 280 (26.0) 2 179 (24.1)
  18 93 (4.3) 9 (1.2) 112 (8.9) 14 (1.5) 177 (10.6) 70 (5.9) 49 (4.6) 524 (5.8)

表2

国内七大地区不同分组高中生的健康素养总评分比较"

Items Health literacy scores, M (P25, P75) H/U value P value
Geographical area 370.51 < 0.01
  East China 39 (22, 45)
  South China 44 (38, 50)
  North China 40 (33, 45)
  Central China 43 (38, 47)
  Northwest China 40 (33, 45)
  Southwest China 41 (36, 46)
  Northeast China 38 (29, 43)
Annual household income/(×10 000 yuan) 284.43 < 0.01
  Below 1 37 (20, 44)
  1-2.49 40 (33, 45)
  2.5-4.99 41 (35, 46)
  5-7.99 42 (36, 47)
  8-9.99 41 (35, 46)
  Above 10 42 (33, 47)
Father’s education level 375.21 < 0.01
  Below junior college 41 (34, 46)
  Junior college 42 (36, 47)
  Undergraduate graduation 37 (18, 45)
  Master’s degree or above 19 (15, 39)
Mother’s education level 20.06 < 0.01
  Below junior college 41 (33, 46)
  Junior college 41 (30, 46)
  Undergraduate graduation 40 (28, 46)
  Master’s degree or above 38 (21, 45)
Age/years 19.72 < 0.01
  14 41 (36, 46)
  15 41 (34, 46)
  16 40 (32, 46)
  17 40 (33, 45)
  18 40 (33, 46)
Urban and rural distribution 8 253 447.50 < 0.01
  City/County/District 42 (36, 47)
  Town and rural areas 39 (29, 44)
Gender 9 212 425.00 < 0.01
  Male 40 (30, 45)
  Female 41 (35, 46)

表3

国内七大地区高中生平均每天静坐时长(小时数)的比较"

Items Average daily sitting time/h, M (P25, P75) H/U value P value
Geographical area 302.06 < 0.01
  East China 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  South China 9.00 (7.00, 12.00)
  North China 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  Central China 10.00 (8.00, 13.00)
  Northwest China 8.00 (7.00, 10.00)
  Southwest China 9.50 (7.38, 11.00)
  Northeast China 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
Annual household income/(×10 000 yuan) 306.47 < 0.01
  Below 1 8.00 (6.00, 10.00)
  1-2.49 9.00 (8.00, 11.00)
  2.5-4.99 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  5-7.99 10.00 (7.00, 12.00)
  8-9.99 10.00 (8.00, 11.00)
  Above 10 11.00 (8.00, 12.00)
Father’s education level 65.62 < 0.01
  Below junior college 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  Junior college 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  Undergraduate graduation 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  Master’s degree or above 10.00 (7.00, 12.00)
Mother’s education level 183.23 < 0.01
  Below junior college 10.00 (7.00, 12.00)
  Junior college 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  Undergraduate graduation 10.00 (8.00, 13.00)
  Master’s degree or above 13.00 (10.00, 15.00)
Age/years 7.85 0.097
  14 9.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  15 10.00 (7.00, 12.00)
  16 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  17 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  18 10.00 (7.50, 11.00)
Urban and rural distribution 7 997 613.00 0.53
  City/County/District 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  Town and rural areas 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
Gender 6 844 683.00 < 0.01
  Male 10.00 (8.00, 12.00)
  Female 9.00 (7.00, 11.00)

表4

健康素养总评分影响因素的回归模型方程分析"

Items un-Std β Std-error Std β t value P valueMulticollinearity
Tolerance VIF
Independent variable
  Constant 39.36 1.02 38.55 < 0.01
  Household population 0.15 0.10 0.02 1.59 0.11 0.97 1.029
  Father’s education level -4.18 0.17 -0.32 -24.49 < 0.01 0.65 1.544
  Mother’s education level 1.43 0.22 0.09 6.47 < 0.01 0.62 1.623
  Annual household income 1.01 0.07 0.15 13.85 < 0.01 0.91 1.096
  Average daily sitting time -0.08 0.04 -0.02 -2.09 0.04 0.94 1.061
Control variable
  Urban and rural distribution
    City/County/District 3.39 0.23 0.15 14.54 < 0.01 0.97 1.030
    Town and rural areas (refer to nominal variables) 0
  Gender
    Male -2.36 0.23 -0.11 -10.11 < 0.01 0.98 1.026
    Female (refer to nominal variables) 0
  Age/years
    18 -0.23 0.93 -0.01 -0.24 0.81 0.28 3.626
    17 -1.22 0.83 -0.05 -1.47 0.14 0.10 9.718
    16 -1.13 0.82 -0.05 -1.38 0.17 0.08 12.238
    15 -0.79 0.83 -0.03 -0.96 0.34 0.10 10.049
    14 (refer to nominal variables) 0

表5

平均每天静坐时长影响因素的回归模型方程分析"

Items un-Std β Std-error Std β t value P valueMulticollinearity
Tolerance VIF
Independent variable
  Constant 7.67 0.33 23.16 < 0.01
  Total score of health literacy -0.01 0.00 -0.02 -2.09 0.04 0.86 1.16
  Household population -0.02 0.03 -0.01 -0.74 0.46 0.97 1.03
  Father’s education level -0.07 0.05 -0.02 -1.34 0.18 0.60 1.66
  Mother’s education level 0.63 0.07 0.13 9.20 < 0.01 0.62 1.61
  Annual household income 0.28 0.02 0.14 12.52 < 0.01 0.91 1.10
Control variable
  Urban and rural distribution
    City/County/District -0.15 0.07 -0.02 -2.05 0.04 0.95 1.06
    Town and rural areas (refer to nominal variables) 0
  Gender
    Male 0.78 0.07 0.12 10.88 < 0.01 0.98 1.02
    Female (refer to nominal variables) 0
  Age/years
    18 -0.14 0.29 -0.01 -0.48 0.63 0.28 3.63
    17 0.22 0.26 0.03 0.85 0.40 0.10 9.72
    16 0.21 0.25 0.03 0.85 0.40 0.08 12.24
    15 -0.02 0.25 0.00 -0.08 0.94 0.10 10.05
    14 (refer to nominal variables) 0
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