北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2015, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 420-430. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-167X.2015.03.011

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同先天性心脏病类型的环境危险因素分析

曲艳吉,刘小清,麦劲壮,聂志强,欧艳秋,高向民,吴勇,陈寄梅△   

  1. (广东省心血管病研究所心外科, 广东省人民医院, 广东省医学科学院, 广州510080)
  • 出版日期:2015-06-18 发布日期:2015-06-18

Analysis of environmental risk factors in congenital heart defects

QU Yan-ji, LIU Xiao-qing, MAI Jin-zhuang, NIE Zhi-qiang, OU Yan-qiu, GAO Xiang-min, WU Yong, CHEN Ji-mei△   

  1. (Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China)
  • Online:2015-06-18 Published:2015-06-18

摘要: 目的:探索不同类型先天性心脏病(congenital heart defects, CHD)的环境危险因素,为深入研究CHD表型的危险因素提供方向,为预防CHD积累证据。方法:使用广东省CHD监测网2004年至2012年登记的来自于17个地市、34家医疗机构的3 038例CHD活产儿及其1∶1对照儿数据,先后采用单因素分析、多因素条件Logistic回归,分析6类CHD的环境危险因素。结果:左向右分流类CHD的危险因素包括低出生体重(OR=2.63,95%CI:2.04~3.39)或巨大儿(OR=2.21,95%CI:1.47~3.32),早产(OR=1.95,95%CI:1.53~2.49),多胎(OR=1.99,95%CI: 1.22~3.26),产母教育程度低、产母为工厂工人(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.32~1.98),产次≥2(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.13~1.69),有异常生育史(OR=2.29,95%CI: 1.75~3.01),孕早期3个月曾有发烧(OR=2.38,95%CI: 1.26~4.48),病毒感染(OR=1.80,95%CI: 1.29~2.51),使用药物(OR=1.73,95%CI: 1.11~2.69),被动吸烟(OR=1.69,95%CI: 1.26~2.29),接触化学制剂(OR=8.71,95%CI: 2.33~32.58),居住装修6个月内的居室(OR=2.56,95%CI: 1.60~4.09)或居室距主要马路<50 m(OR=1.40,95%CI: 1.14~1.72),父亲为工厂工人(OR=1.46,95%CI: 1.23~1.73)。肺动脉流出道梗阻类CHD的危险因素包括活产儿低出生体重(OR=5.98,95%CI: 2.88~12.44)或巨大儿(OR=6.56,95%CI: 1.19~36.26),产母教育程度低、产次≥2(OR=2.08,95%CI: 1.03~4.22),孕早期病毒感染(OR=4.30,95%CI: 1.27~13.45)。左心室流出道梗阻类CHD危险因素为父亲为工厂工人(OR=6.01,95%CI: 1.05~34.59)。大动脉转位(transposition of the great arteries, TGA)的危险因素包括活产儿低出生体重(OR=12.93,95%CI: 1.14~146.26),产母教育程度低、职业为工厂工人(OR=3.69,95%CI: 1.53~8.91)。合并心内分流型CHD的危险因素包括产次=2(OR=3.45,95%CI: 1.42~8.38)。其他类CHD的危险因素包括巨大儿(OR=4.87,95%CI: 1.19~19.94)、产母既往有异常生育史(OR=2.96,95%CI: 1.14~7.68)、孕早期3个月有病毒感染(OR=4.92,95%CI: 1.56~15.47)、用药(OR=4.90,95%CI: 1.22~19.77)、被动吸烟(OR=10.31,95%CI: 1.25~85.05)。结论:不同CHD类的危险因素存在差异,深入研究CHD的相关环境危险因素及其影响机制需有针对性,预防CHD需特别注意避免影响多类CHD或临床治疗效果较差CHD类的环境危险因素暴露,并加强已暴露人群的产前检查。

关键词: 心脏缺损, 先天性, 病理学, 危险因素

Abstract: Objective:To explore the environmental risk factors of different categories of congenital heart defects (CHD) and provide evidence for further risk factors and prevention research of CHD phenotypes. Methods: Data of Guangdong CHD Register Study from 2004 to 2012 were used. In the study, 3 038 CHD cases and 3 038 paired controls from 34 hospitals distributed in 17 cities were registered and related information were collected using uniform, and structured questionnaires. All the CHD phenotypes were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) and classified into 6 categories according to their pathological features. Univariate analyses were adopted to filter potential risk factors for each category of CHD. Then multivariate conditional Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios of the risk factors for each category of CHD. Results: The risk factors for left-to-right shunt CHD included low (OR=2.63, 95%CI:2.04-3.39) or over birth weight (OR=2.21, 95%CI: 1.47-3.32), premature delivery (OR=1.95, 95%CI: 1.53-2.49), polyembryony (OR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.22-3.26), maternal low education, mother as factory worker (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.32-1.98), parity≥2 (OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.13-1.69), maternal abnormal reproduction history (OR=2.29, 95%CI: 1.75-3.01), fever (OR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.26-4.48), virus infection (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.29-2.51), medicine usage (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.11-2.69), passive smoking (OR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.26-2.29), chemical agent contact (OR=8.71, 95%CI: 2.33-32.58), living in newly decorated houses (OR=2.56, 95%CI: 1.60-4.09) or room close to the main road (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.14-1.72) in the first 3 months of pregnancy and father as factory worker (OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.23-1.73). The risk factors for pulmonary outflow tract obstruction CHD included low (OR=5.98, 95%CI: 2.88-12.44) or over birth weight (OR=6.56, 95%CI:1.19-36.26), maternal low education, parity≥2 (OR=2.08, 95%CI: 1.03-4.22), virus infection in the first 3 months of pregnancy (OR=4.30, 95%CI: 1.27-13.45). The risk factors for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction CHD included father as factory worker (OR=6.01, 95%CI:1.05-34.59). The risk factors for transposition of the great arteries included low birth weight (OR=12.93, 95%CI:1.14-146.26), maternal low education, mother as factory worker (OR=3.69, 95%CI:1.53-8.91). The risk factors for conditions with intra cardiac mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood included parity=2 (OR=3.45, 95%CI: 1.42-8.38). The risk factors for other CHD included over birth weight (OR=4.87, 95%CI: 1.19-19.94), maternal abnormal reproduction history (OR=2.96, 95%CI: 1.14-7.68), virus infection (OR=4.92, 95%CI: 1.56-15.47), medicine usage (OR=4.90, 95%CI: 1.22-19.77) or passive smoking (OR=10.31, 95%CI: 1.25-85.05) in the first 3 months of pregnancy. Conclusion:The environmental risk factors were discrepant among different categories of CHD. Further risk factors study of CHD phenotypes should be performed specially. To prevent CHD, attention should be paid to the risk factors which are related to multi or complex categories of CHD.

Key words: Heart defects, congenital, Pathology, Risk factors

中图分类号: 

  • R725.411
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