关键词: 姿势负荷, 信度, 效度, 肌肉骨骼疾患

Abstract: Objective： To form a new assessment method to evaluate postural workload comprehensively analyzing the dynamic and static postural workload for workers during their work process to analyze the reliability and validity, and to study the relation between workers’ postural workload and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Methods: In the study, 844 workers from electronic and railway vehicle manufacturing factories were selected as subjects investigated by using the China Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (CMQ) to form the postural workload comprehensive assessment method. The Cronbach’s α, cluster analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the new assessment method. Non-conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the relation between workers’ postural workload and WMSDs. Results: Reliability of the assessment method for postural workload: internal consistency analysis results showed that Cronbach’s α was 0.934 and the results of split-half reliability indicated that Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.881 and the correlation coefficient between the first part and the second was 0.787. Validity of the assessment method for postural workload: the results of cluster analysis indicated that square Euclidean distance between dynamic and static postural workload assessment in the same part or work posture was the shortest. The results of factor analysis showed that 2 components were extracted and the cumulative percentage of variance achieved 65.604%. The postural workload score of the different occupational workers showed significant difference (P<0.05) by covariance analysis. The results of non-conditional Logistic regression indicated that alcohol intake (OR = 2.141, 95%CI 1.337－3.428) and obesity (OR = 3.408, 95%CI 1.629－7.130) were risk factors for WMSDs. The risk for WMSDs would rise as workers’ postural workload rose (OR = 1.035, 95%CI 1.022－1.048). There was significant different risk for WMSDs in the different groups of workers distinguished by work type, gender and age. Female workers exhibited a higher prevalence for WMSDs (OR = 2.626, 95%CI 1.414－4.879) and workers between 30－40 years of age (OR=1.909, 95%CI 1.237－2.946) as compared with those under 30. Conclusion: This method for comprehensively assess-ing postural workload is reliable and effective when used in assembling workers, and there is certain relation between the postural workload and WMSDs.

Key words: Postural workload, Reliability, Validity, Musculoskeletal disorders