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北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 488-494. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-167X.2018.03.016

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

作业人员姿势负荷评价信效度分析及与肌肉骨骼疾患关系

秦东亮1，金宪宁1，王世娟1，王菁菁1，娜扎开提·买买提1，王富江1，王莹3，申梓安3，盛立刚3，Mikael Forsman4，杨丽云4，王生1，张忠彬2△，何丽华1△   

  1. （1. 北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系， 北京100191； 2. 中国安全生产科学研究院， 北京100029； 3. 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司， 长春130062； 4. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet， Stockholm SE17177, Sweden）
  • 出版日期:2018-06-18 发布日期:2018-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 张忠彬，何丽华 E-mail:alihe2009@126.com，zzb_sd@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    十三五国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0801700）和中国安全生产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2017JBKY02）资助

Research on the reliability and validity of postural workload assessment method and the relation to work-related musculoskeletal disorders of workers

QIN Dong-liang1, JIN Xian-ning1, WANG Shi-juan1, WANG Jing-jing1, Nazakat MAMAT 1, WANG Fu-jiang1, WANG Ying3, SHEN Zi-an3, SHENG Li-gang3, Mikael FORSMAN4, YANG Li-yun4, WANG Sheng1, ZHANG Zhong-bin2, HE Li-hua1   

  1. (1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China；2. China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China; 3. CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles CO., LTD., Changchun 130062, China; 4. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet， Stockholm SE17177, Sweden)
  • Online:2018-06-18 Published:2018-06-18
  • Contact: ZHANG Zhong-bin，HE Li-hua E-mail:alihe2009@126.com，zzb_sd@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Key Technologies Research & Development Program (2016YFC0801700) and the Fundamental Research Funds for China Academy of Safety Science and Technology (2016YFC0801700)

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摘要： 目的：建立作业人员工作过程中的动态、静态姿势负荷综合分析评价方法并进行信效度分析，探索作业人员动态静态姿势负荷水平与肌肉骨骼疾患患病情况的关系。方法：选择电子配件组装、轨道客车制造等装配作业人员共844人作为研究对象，依据《中国肌肉骨骼问卷》中的工作姿势相关条目建立作业人员工作过程动态、静态姿势负荷综合分析评价方法，并采用Cronbach系数、聚类分析、因子分析等方法对姿势负荷综合分析评价方法的信效度进行分析，采用非条件Logistic回归模型探索姿势负荷与肌肉骨骼疾患患病情况之间的关系。结果：该评价方法的信效度分析显示：（1）内在一致性评价总体Cronbach系数达0.934，分半信度Spearman-Brown系数0.881，前后相关系数0.787；（2）聚类分析结果提示同一身体部位动态、静态工作姿势距离最短；因子分析共提取2个公因子，累计方差贡献率达65.604%；协方差分析显示负荷得分在不同工种之间差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归模型显示，饮酒（OR=2.141，95%CI 1.337~3.428）和肥胖（OR=3.408，95%CI 1.629~7.130）是肌肉骨骼疾患的危险因素，作业人员动静态姿势负荷水平越高肌肉骨骼疾患患病风险也越高（OR=1.035，95%CI 1.022~1.048），不同工种、性别、年龄人群的患病风险也存在差异，女性更易患病（OR=2.626，95%CI 1.414~4.879），30~40岁职业人群患病风险高于30 岁以下者（OR=1.909，95%CI 1.237~2.946）。结论：作业人员动态、静态姿势负荷综合分析评价方法在装配作业人群中应用可靠有效，姿势负荷与肌肉骨骼疾患之间存在关联。

关键词: 姿势负荷, 信度, 效度, 肌肉骨骼疾患

Abstract: Objective： To form a new assessment method to evaluate postural workload comprehensively analyzing the dynamic and static postural workload for workers during their work process to analyze the reliability and validity, and to study the relation between workers’ postural workload and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Methods: In the study, 844 workers from electronic and railway vehicle manufacturing factories were selected as subjects investigated by using the China Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (CMQ) to form the postural workload comprehensive assessment method. The Cronbach’s α, cluster analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the new assessment method. Non-conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the relation between workers’ postural workload and WMSDs. Results: Reliability of the assessment method for postural workload: internal consistency analysis results showed that Cronbach’s α was 0.934 and the results of split-half reliability indicated that Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.881 and the correlation coefficient between the first part and the second was 0.787. Validity of the assessment method for postural workload: the results of cluster analysis indicated that square Euclidean distance between dynamic and static postural workload assessment in the same part or work posture was the shortest. The results of factor analysis showed that 2 components were extracted and the cumulative percentage of variance achieved 65.604%. The postural workload score of the different occupational workers showed significant difference (P<0.05) by covariance analysis. The results of non-conditional Logistic regression indicated that alcohol intake (OR = 2.141, 95%CI 1.337－3.428) and obesity (OR = 3.408, 95%CI 1.629－7.130) were risk factors for WMSDs. The risk for WMSDs would rise as workers’ postural workload rose (OR = 1.035, 95%CI 1.022－1.048). There was significant different risk for WMSDs in the different groups of workers distinguished by work type, gender and age. Female workers exhibited a higher prevalence for WMSDs (OR = 2.626, 95%CI 1.414－4.879) and workers between 30－40 years of age (OR=1.909, 95%CI 1.237－2.946) as compared with those under 30. Conclusion: This method for comprehensively assess-ing postural workload is reliable and effective when used in assembling workers, and there is certain relation between the postural workload and WMSDs.

Key words: Postural workload, Reliability, Validity, Musculoskeletal disorders

中图分类号: 

  • R13
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ISSN 1671-167X
CN 11-4691/R
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