久坐行为与体育锻炼行为对职业人群焦虑倾向的联合作用

doi:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2022.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探讨国内职业人群焦虑倾向现况，分析久坐行为和体育锻炼行为二者联合作用对焦虑倾向的影响。方法: 基于2021年亚洲最佳职场(中国大陆地区)的调查数据，使用广泛性焦虑障碍量表评估员工的焦虑倾向，采用Logistic回归方程分析久坐和体育锻炼对焦虑倾向的联合影响并计算不同组别之间的优势比(odds ratio, OR)。结果: 共纳入11 903名企业员工，平均年龄32.9岁；其中3 562名员工存在焦虑倾向，检出率为29.9%；40岁以下人群焦虑倾向率(30.6%)高于40岁以上人群(26.7%)，两者差异有统计学意义。过去一周平均每日静坐时间为9.4 h，静坐时间超过8 h界定为久坐，久坐的比例达到76.3%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，吸烟(OR=1.24，95%CI：1.23~1.39)、更长的静坐时间和更低的体育锻炼水平是员工出现焦虑倾向的危险因素，平均每日更久的睡眠时间(OR=0.56，95%CI：0.51~0.61)是其保护因素。将体育锻炼行为和静坐行为分别进行联合相关性分析和分层分析，结果显示静坐时间增加与体育锻炼水平减少相结合会导致焦虑倾向风险的显著增加，随着体育锻炼水平的增加，静坐时间作为焦虑倾向危险因素的阈值逐渐下降。结论: 本次调查职业人群焦虑倾向的检出率较高且久坐行为严重，缺乏体育锻炼与久坐行为均是焦虑倾向的独立危险因素，加强体育锻炼可以在一定程度上弥补久坐行为对焦虑倾向带来的危害。

关键词: 焦虑, 职业群体, 久坐生活方式, 体育运动

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of anxiety tendency among occupational population in China and to examine the joint association between sedentary behavior and physical activity with anxiety tendency. Methods: The data were from the 2021 Asia Best Workplace (Chinese mainland) program. The Generalized Anxiety Tendency scale was used to assess employees' anxiety status, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing anxiety tendency and calculate the odds ratio (OR) within different groups. The OR of sitting for each sitting-physical activity (PA) combination group and within PA strata were calculated to explore the joint association. Results: A total of 11 903 workers with an average age of 32.9 years were included in this study. Among them, 3 562 workers had anxiety tendency (29.9%) and the prevalence of those under 40 years old (30.6%) was significantly higher than the other age group (26.7%). 41.0% of the respondents had the moderated to vigorous physical activity. Their average daily sitting time was 9.4 h, and the percentage of those who exceeded 8 h sitting reached 73.9% in the past week. The analysis of Logistic regression showed that smoking (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.23-1.39), longer sedentary time and lower physical activity level were risk factors for anxiety tendency, and longer average daily sleep time (OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.51-0.61) was a protective factor. The joint association analysis and stratified analysis of physical activity and sedentary behavior with anxiety tendency showed that increased sedentary time combined with decreased physical activity intensity was significantly associated with increased risk of anxiety tendency (range of OR: 1.64-3.14). The threshold for sedentary time in total as a risk factor for anxiety tendency gradually decreased as physical activity intensity increased. Conclusion: The anxiety tendency and sedentary behavior among the occupational population should recieve more attention. Lack of physical activity and sedentary behavior are both risk factors for anxiety tendency, and strengthening the intensity of physical activity can attenuate the harmful effects of sedentary behavior on anxiety tendency.

Key words: Anxiety, Occupational groups, Sedentary lifestyle, Physical activity

中图分类号:

R131

刘熠华,云青萍,张蓝超,张晓悦,林郁婷,刘芳静,郑志杰,常春. 久坐行为与体育锻炼行为对职业人群焦虑倾向的联合作用[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2022, 54(3): 490-497.

Yi-hua LIU,Qing-ping YUN,Lan-chao ZHANG,Xiao-yue ZHANG,Yu-ting LIN,Fang-jing LIU,Zhi-jie ZHENG,Chun CHANG. Joint association of sedentary behavior and physical activity on anxiety tendency among occupational population in China[J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2022, 54(3): 490-497.

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Items	n (%)	Anxiety
Items	n (%)	n (%)	P
Gender
Male	5 643 (47.4)	1 662 (29.5)
Female	6 260 (52.6)	1 900 (30.4)
Age/years
≥40	2 071 (17.4)	522 (26.7)	< 0.01
< 40	8 832 (82.6)	3 010 (30.6)
Education level
College degree and below	3 637 (30.6)	1 008 (27.7)
Undergraduate and above	8 266 (69.4)	2 554 (30.9)
Occupation
Office workers	6 746 (56.7)	2 074 (30.7)
Production operator	1 632 (13.7)	419 (25.7)	< 0.01
Technical workers	1 923 (16.2)	536 (27.9)	< 0.05
Others	1 602 (13.5)	533 (33.3)	< 0.05
Positions
General staff	8 464 (71.1)	2 517 (29.7)
Management	3 439 (28.9)	1 045 (30.4)
BMI
Normal	8 477 (71.3)	2 503 (29.5)
Overweight	2 706 (22.7)	840 (31.0)
Obesity	714 (6.0)	217 (30.4)
Average daily sitting time
≥8 h	9 083 (76.3)	2 839 (25.6)	< 0.01
< 8 h	2 820 (23.7)	723 (31.3)
Average daily sleep time
≤7 h	3 616 (30.4)	1 414 (39.1)	< 0.01
>7 h	8 287 (69.6)	2 148 (25.9)
Physical exercise
Low	7 025 (59.0)	2 399 (34.1)
Moderate	2 799 (23.5)	702 (25.1)	< 0.01
High	2 079 (17.5)	461 (22.2)	< 0.01
Smoking
No	9 682 (81.3)	2 829 (29.2)	< 0.01
Yes	2 221 (18.7)	733 (33.0)
Total	11 903 (100.0)	3 562 (29.9)

Items	Work sitting time/h, ${\bar x}$±s	Leisure sitting time/h, ${\bar x}$±s	Transportation time/h, ${\bar x}$±s	Percentage of SB (≥8 h in total), n (%)
Gender
Male	5.21±3.13	2.01±1.48	1.24±1.15	3 492 (61.9)^**
Female	6.95±2.33	2.16±1.57	1.16±0.96	5 303 (84.7)
Age/years
≥40	6.14±2.91	2.12±1.56	1.19±1.05	8 233 (74.1)
< 40	6.06±2.70	1.97±1.38	1.26±1.06	562 (71.4)
Education level
College degree and below	4.14±3.22	1.82±1.49	1.06±1.22	1 696 (46.6)^**
Undergraduate and above	7.00±2.20	2.21±1.53	1.26±0.97	7 099 (85.9)
Occupation
Office workers	7.24±1.91	2.26±1.58	1.18±0.94	6 029 (89.4)
Production operator	2.54±2.98	1.62±1.43	0.97±1.33	424 (26.0)^**
Technical workers	6.39±2.73	1.99±1.40	1.23±1.01	1 431 (74.4)^**
Others	4.77±2.81	1.98±1.42	1.45±1.19	911 (56.9)^**
Positions
General staff	6.08±3.00	2.13±1.56	1.18±1.09	6 199 (73.2)
Management	6.25±2.53	2.00±1.45	1.23±0.98	2 596 (75.5)
BMI
Normal	6.34±2.76	2.12±1.54	1.17±1.02	6 501 (76.7)
Overweight	5.66±3.03	2.01±1.47	1.26±1.13	1 834 (67.8)^**
Obesity	5.35±3.19	2.09±1.61	1.34±1.21	456 (63.9)^**
Average daily sleep time
≥8 h	6.15±2.80	2.07±1.53^*	1.12±1.02^*	6 182 (74.6)
< 8 h	6.08±3.05	2.15±1.53	1.37±1.12	2 613 (72.3)
Physical exercise
Low	6.15±3.03	2.08±1.57	1.22±1.08	5 143 (73.2)
Moderate	6.21±2.63	2.09±1.46	1.19±1.02	2 141 (76.5)
High	5.93±2.63	2.11±1.49	1.14±1.01	1 511 (72.7)
Smoking
No	6.49±2.67	2.12±1.53	1.18±1.00	7 614 (78.6)^**
Yes	4.54±3.16	1.97±1.51	1.29±1.26	1 181 (53.2)
Total	6.13±2.87	2.09±1.53	1.20±1.06	8 795 (73.9)

Variables	β	OR (95%CI)	P
Age	-0.01	0.99 (0.99-1.00)	< 0.01
Occupation
Production operator	-0.18	0.84 (0.72-0.97)	< 0.05
Technical workers	-0.10	0.90 (0.80-1.01)
Others	0.12	1.13 (0.99-1.28)
Office workers
Smoking
Yes	0.22	1.24 (1.23-1.39)	< 0.001
No
Average daily sleep time
≥8 h	-0.56	0.56 (0.51-0.61)	< 0.001
< 8 h
Average daily sitting time
>12 h	0.80	2.22 (1.88-2.62)	< 0.001
>8 h	0.47	1.60 (1.36-1.90)	< 0.001
>4 h	0.34	1.41 (1.19-1.68)	< 0.001
≤4 h
Physical exercise
Low	0.54	1.77 (1.58-1.99)	< 0.001
Moderate	0.15	1.17 (1.02-1.33)	0.03
High