基于大五人格特质的2型糖尿病患者健康教育偏好

doi:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2026.03.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探讨老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM)患者大五人格特质在人口学特征及健康教育偏好上的差异，为个性化健康教育提供依据。方法: 于2023年9月采用整群抽样的方法，抽取山东省7个社区卫生服务中心的T2DM患者，采用简版大五人格量表和自行设计的健康教育偏好问卷进行测量，基于大五人格特质得分使用潜剖面分析来识别患者的人格分类，通过卡方检验和分层二元Logistic回归分析人格分类与健康教育偏好的关联。结果: 纳入的612例患者可分为3种人格分类：常规平衡型(69.8%)、内向敏感型(6.4%)和积极适应型(23.8%)。在单因素分析中，积极适应型患者希望糖尿病病友是健康教育提供者的比例低于其他人格分类(χ²=6.123，P=0.047)，内向敏感型患者希望包含心理疏导内容的比例高于其他人格分类(χ²=8.566，P=0.014)。在Logistic回归分析中，以常规平衡型为参照，在健康教育提供者方面，积极适应型患者更不倾向于选择糖尿病病友作为提供者(OR=0.491，95%CI：0.279~0.866，P=0.014)；在健康教育内容方面，积极适应型患者对研究前沿内容的偏好较低(OR=0.565，95%CI：0.376~0.848，P=0.006)；在健康教育地点方面，内向敏感型患者不倾向于选择手机应用程序作为健康教育获取途径(OR=0.374，95%CI：0.165~0.848，P=0.019)。以积极适应型为参照，在健康教育内容方面，内向敏感型患者对心理疏导的偏好更高(OR=2.122，95%CI：1.029~4.380，P=0.042)。结论: 老年T2DM患者存在明显的人格特质异质性，不同人格分类的患者在健康教育偏好上存在差异；在对T2DM患者开展健康教育时，可将人格特质作为制定个体化干预策略的重要参考因素之一，但其实际干预效果仍有待进一步研究验证。

关键词: 糖尿病，2型, 人格, 健康教育, 病人意愿, 潜剖面分析

Abstract:

Objective: To explore differences in the Big Five personality traits among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to demographic characteristics and health education preferences and to provide evidence for personalized health education strategies. Methods: In September 2023, a cluster sampling method was used to recruit patients with T2DM from seven community health service centers in Shandong Province, China. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey. The 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10) and a self-developed health education preference questionnaire were used for the assessment. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify personality classifications among the patients. Chi-square tests were applied to compare differences in health education preferences across personality groups, and stratified binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between personality classification and health education preferences. Results: A total of 612 patients were included and categorized into three personality groups: Regular-balanced type (69.8%), introverted-sensitive type (6.4%), and proactive-adaptive type (23.8%). In the univariate analysis, the proportion of patients in the proactive-adaptive group who preferred peer patients as health education providers was significantly lower than that in other personality groups (χ²=6.123, P=0.047). In contrast, patients in the introverted-sensitive group showed a significantly higher preference for health education content that included psychological support than other personality groups (χ²=8.566, P=0.014). In the Logistic regression analysis, using the regular-balanced type as the reference group, proactive-adaptive patients were less likely to prefer peer patients with diabetes as health education providers (OR=0.491, 95%CI: 0.279-0.866, P=0.014). Regarding health education content, proactive-adaptive patients demonstrated a lower preference for research-frontier information (OR=0.565, 95%CI: 0.376-0.848, P=0.006). In terms of educational delivery settings, introverted-sensitive patients were less likely to prefer mobile applications as a means of receiving health education (OR=0.374, 95%CI: 0.165-0.848, P=0.019). When the proactive-adaptive type as the reference group, introverted-sensitive patients showed a significantly higher preference for psychological support content (OR=2.122, 95%CI: 1.029-4.380, P=0.042). Conclusion: Personality traits exhibit substantial heterogeneity among patients with T2DM, and different personality classifications are associated with distinct health education preferences. Personality traits may serve as an important reference for developing individualized health education strategies; however, their effectiveness in improving intervention outcomes requires further validation through future studies.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2, Personality, Health education, Patient preference, Latent profile analysis

中图分类号:

R193

袁思妍, 闵鹤葳, 陈平, 吴一波, 崔红霞, 张旭熙, 孙昕霙. 基于大五人格特质的2型糖尿病患者健康教育偏好[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2026, 58(3): 600-605.

Siyan YUAN, Hewei MIN, Ping CHEN, Yibo WU, Hongxia CUI, Xuxi ZHANG, Xinying SUN. Health education preferences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on Big Five personality traits[J]. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences), 2026, 58(3): 600-605.

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K	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entropy	LMRT	BLRT	Proportions for the profiles
1	11 688.399	11 732.567	11 700.819
2	11 593.412	11 664.080	11 613.283	0.804	＜0.001	＜0.001	0.801/0.199
3	11 564.251	11 661.419	11 591.573	0.856	0.023	＜0.001	0.698/0.064/0.239
4	11 554.242	11 677.911	11 589.016	0.691	0.153	＜0.001	0.484/0.224/0.229/0.064
5	11 523.564	11 673.733	11 565.790	0.821	0.572	0.040	0.036/0.127/0.641/0.065/0.131

Items	Regular-balanced (n=427)	Introverted-sensitive (n=39)	Proactive-adaptive (n=146)
Extraversion	6.05±0.67	3.64±0.63	8.85±0.85
Agreeableness	7.66±1.41	7.44±1.60	7.84±1.40
Openness	5.90±1.63	5.90±1.65	6.10±1.70
Neuroticism	4.80±1.89	5.67±1.44	4.33±1.78
Conscientiousness	7.21±1.66	7.15±1.76	8.11±1.50

Items		Regular-balanced (n=427)	Introverted-sensitive (n=39)	Proactive-adaptive (n=146)	χ²	P
Preferred educator
Peers	No	338 (79.2)	32 (82.1)	129 (88.4)	6.123	0.047
	Yes	89 (20.8)	7 (17.9)	17 (11.6)
Preferred format
One-on-one	No	198 (46.4)	14 (35.9)	64 (43.8)	1.706	0.426
	Yes	229 (53.6)	25 (64.1)	82 (56.2)
Health lecture	No	176 (41.2)	17 (43.6)	68 (46.6)	1.292	0.524
	Yes	251 (58.8)	22 (56.4)	78 (53.4)
Group discussion	No	337 (78.9)	31 (79.5)	124 (84.9)	2.514	0.285
	Yes	90 (21.1)	8 (20.5)	22 (15.1)
Preferred content
Diabetes knowledge	No	25 (5.9)	5 (12.8)	5 (3.4)	5.088	0.079
	Yes	402 (94.1)	34 (87.2)	141 (96.6)
Psychological support	No	249 (58.3)	21 (53.8)	104 (71.2)	8.566	0.014
	Yes	178 (41.7)	18 (46.2)	42 (28.8)
Preferred location
Phone/WeChat	No	301 (70.5)	23 (59.0)	96 (65.8)	2.937	0.230
	Yes	126 (29.5)	16 (41.0)	50 (34.2)
Application	No	260 (60.9)	31 (79.5)	87 (59.6)	5.618	0.060
	Yes	167 (39.1)	8 (20.5)	59 (40.4)

Items		β	P	OR	95%CI
Preferred educator (vs. regular-balanced)
Peers	Introverted-sensitive	-0.251	0.571	0.778	0.327-1.852
	Proactive-adaptive	-0.711	0.014	0.491	0.279-0.866
Preferred content (vs. regular-balanced)
Research frontiers	Introverted-sensitive	0.182	0.589	1.199	0.621-2.316
	Proactive-adaptive	-0.571	0.006	0.565	0.376-0.848
Diabetes knowledge	Introverted-sensitive	-1.006	0.061	0.366	0.127-1.049
	Proactive-adaptive	0.417	0.411	1.518	0.562-4.103
Preferred location (vs. regular-balanced)
Application	Introverted-sensitive	-0.983	0.019	0.374	0.165-0.848
	Proactive-adaptive	0.060	0.767	1.062	0.715-1.576
Preferred content (vs. proactive-adaptive)
Psychological support	Regular-balanced	0.571	0.006	1.770	1.179-2.658
	Introverted-sensitive	0.753	0.042	2.122	1.029-4.380
Diabetes knowledge	Regular-balanced	-0.417	0.411	0.659	0.244-1.781
	Introverted-sensitive	-1.423	0.035	0.241	0.064-0.903
Preferred location (vs. proactive-adaptive)
Application	Regular-balanced	-0.060	0.767	0.942	0.635-1.398
	Introverted-sensitive	-1.043	0.018	0.352	0.149-0.836

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